Dirinaria frostii

Ciri dan struktur

Dirinaria frostii has a foliose thallus, which is closely appressed to agglutinated and ranges from 1 to 3 cm in diameter. The lobes are dichotomously pinnately or subpinnately lobate, radiating, and often confluent. The upper surface can be gray, bluish gray, or yellowish gray, sometimes with white patchy pruinosity. Soredia are initially marginal, becoming laminal, and pseudocyphellae are mainly marginal. The medulla is typically white, occasionally with orange spots at lobe tips. The lower surface is black in the center, becoming paler towards the lobe tips. Apothecia are rarely present, and if so, they have brown, 1-septate ascospores. Spot tests reveal that the upper cortex is K+ yellow, C−, KC−, P+ yellow, while the medulla is K−, C−, KC−, P−. Secondary metabolites include atranorin in the upper cortex and divaricatic acid in the medulla, along with a few terpenes in low concentration.

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Rujukan: [1]

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Habitat dan peran ekologis

Dirinaria frostii primarily inhabits rocks, occasionally found on bark, and thrives in shaded areas such as thorn and deciduous forests. Its distribution spans the north- and southeastern United States, including areas from the upper Great Lakes region and southern New England south to the southern Atlantic and Gulf coastal states. In Mexico, it is particularly abundant in Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, and Sonora.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

hutan

Substrat

kulit kayu

Peran atau konteks

Pembentuk liken

Reproduksi

Dirinaria frostii has a foliose thallus, which is closely appressed to agglutinated and ranges from 1 to 3 cm in diameter. The lobes are dichotomously pinnately or subpinnately lobate, radiating, and often confluent. The upper surface can be gray, bluish gray, or yellowish gray, sometimes with white patchy pruinosity. Soredia are initially marginal, becoming laminal, and pseudocyphellae are mainly marginal. The medulla is typically white, occasionally with orange spots at lobe tips. The lower surface is black in the center, becoming paler towards the lobe tips. Apothecia are rarely present, and if so, they have brown, 1-septate ascospores. Spot tests reveal that the upper cortex is K+ yellow, C−, KC−, P+ yellow, while the medulla is K−, C−, KC−, P−.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Dirinaria frostii menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Michael J. Papay. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis

Fotografi

Kredit

(c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Michael J. Papay

Lisensi

CC BY 4.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Sumber profil

1. [1] Dirinaria frostii — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1319818925
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Dirinaria frostiiBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 36RLZ; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Dirinaria frostiiBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Michael J. Papay
4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Dirinaria frostiiBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Michael J. Papay
5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Dirinaria frostiiBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Teks sumber: CC0 1.0 · no rights reserved, uploaded by Kristi Zoebelein