01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot in fruits of the Pome family and Rosaceae family. The genus Monilinia could be viewed as divided into two sections, Disjunctoriae and Junctoriae; M. fructigena belongs to Junctoriae. These ‘sections’ are the resulting attempt to further differentiate Monilinia into two separate classifications based on morphology, the specialization of the pathogens’ hosts, and the biological process of infection. Belonging to the section Junctoriae entails possessing no disjunctor cells in between the mature spores contained in the conidial chains. Differentiation in the laboratory of the three main Monilinia species can be quite difficult. In a report by De Cal and Melgarejo, it was demonstrated that the species can be differentiated through altering the light exposure to a long-wave UV light and dark cycle. Monilinia fructigena and Monilinia fructicola can be recognized from Monilinia laxa in this experiment, as M. laxa possesses a noticeably short distance from the conidia to the first germ tube branch. Furthermore, M. fructigena and M. fructicola can be individually distinguishable through measuring the maximum diametric growth rate of the culture. The maximum growth rate of M. fructigena was just 8 mm/2 days, whilst M. fructicola expanded its diameter by 20 mm after two days. Conidia produced by Monilinia fructigena are noted to be dry spores, and are not discharged, but pulled away on currents of wind. The conidiophores are short and unspecialized, and perform as a means to elevate the spore chains above infected tissues to provide better exposure to air currents.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

When infection terjadi selama atau segera setelah penyamaran, pertumbuhan patogen tanpa gejala memungkinkan buah untuk matang secara normal. Namun, seiring dengan matangnya buah, bintik-bintik coklat berputar kecil mulai berkembang dan dengan cepat membusuk di permukaan daging; karena banyak kelembaban, pustules konidia berkembang di daerah yang terinfeksi. Pada buah-buahan yang sudah matang, kutu merah menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh buah sebagai kutu merah dari daging. Di daerah/iklim dengan kelembaban relatif tinggi, tumbuhan konidia muncul di permukaan buah; ketika RH rendah, buah hanya mengering. Fruit rot disebabkan oleh patogen kotoran coklat Monilinia fructigena adalah penyakit terkenal ditemukan di Malus domestica ⁇ pohon apel ⁇ dengan jamur kadang-kadang menyebar dari buah yang terinfeksi ke cabang, menyebabkan kanker. With apple infeksi, gejala yang bervariasi dapat terjadi di dalam buah, menyebabkan apa yang umumnya dikenal sebagai apel hitam. Gejala ini melibatkan perubahan warna kotoran dari coklat menjadi warna hitam yang mendalam. Kulit apel tetap bercahaya dan tidak rusak, dan penyusutan jaringan sebenarnya tidak terjadi sampai kemudian dalam perkembangan, di mana ia sering cepat membusuk dalam penyimpanan. Fruit rot biasanya ditemukan pada apel, pir, dan prun, tetapi jarang ditemukan dalam persik, nektarin, atau aprikot.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
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Substrat
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Peran atau konteks
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Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot in fruits of the Pome family and Rosaceae family. The genus Monilinia could be viewed as divided into two sections, Disjunctoriae and Junctoriae; M. fructigena belongs to Junctoriae. These ‘sections’ are the resulting attempt to further differentiate Monilinia into two separate classifications based on morphology, the specialization of the pathogens’ hosts, and the biological process of infection. Belonging to the section Junctoriae entails possessing no disjunctor cells in between the mature spores contained in the conidial chains.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Acrosporium fructigenum; Monilia fructigena; Oidium fructigenum; Oidium fructigenum var. foliorum; Sclerotinia fructigena; Stromatinia fructigena; Torula fructigena
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Monilinia fructigena menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Martin Hünlich. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Martin Hünlich, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Martin Hünlich
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Mikrograf struktur yang diasosiasikan dengan Monilinia fructigena pada iNaturalist

Preparat mikroskopis yang diasosiasikan dengan Monilinia fructigena pada iNaturalist. Identitas mengikuti sumber.

Mikrograf · Sumber gambar · CC BY-SA 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Björn Sothmann, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Björn Sothmann

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

Mikrograf struktur yang diasosiasikan dengan Monilinia fructigena pada iNaturalist

Preparat mikroskopis yang diasosiasikan dengan Monilinia fructigena pada iNaturalist. Identitas mengikuti sumber.

Mikrograf · Sumber gambar · CC BY-SA 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Björn Sothmann, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Björn Sothmann

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Monilinia fructigena — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1366059684
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Monilinia fructigenaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 444BB; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Monilinia fructigenaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Martin Hünlich, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Martin Hünlich
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Monilinia fructigenaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Björn Sothmann, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Björn Sothmann
  5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Monilinia fructigenaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Björn Sothmann, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Björn Sothmann

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Monilinia fructigena — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot in fruits of the Pome family and Rosaceae family. The genus Monilinia could be viewed as divided into two sections, Disjunctoriae and Junctoriae; M. fructigena belongs to Junctoriae. These ‘sections’ are the resulting attempt to further differentiate Monilinia into two separate classifications based on morphology, the specialization of the pathogens’ hosts, and the biological process of infection.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot in fruits of the Pome family and Rosaceae family. The genus Monilinia could be viewed as divided into two sections, Disjunctoriae and Junctoriae; M. fructigena belongs to Junctoriae. These ‘sections’ are the resulting attempt to further differentiate Monilinia into two separate classifications based on morphology, the specialization of the pathogens’ hosts, and the biological process of infection. Belonging to the section Junctoriae entails possessing no disjunctor cells in between the mature spores contained in the conidial chains. Differentiation in the laboratory of the three main Monilinia species can be quite difficult. In a report by De Cal and Melgarejo, it was demonstrated that the species can be differentiated through altering the light exposure to a long-wave UV light and dark cycle. Monilinia fructigena and Monilinia fructicola can be recognized from Monilinia laxa in this experiment, as M. laxa possesses a noticeably short distance from the conidia to the first germ tube branch. Furthermore, M. fructigena and M. fructicola can be individually distinguishable through measuring the maximum diametric growth rate of the culture. The maximum growth rate of M. fructigena was just 8 mm/2 days, whilst M. fructicola expanded its diameter by 20 mm after two days. Conidia produced by Monilinia fructigena are noted to be dry spores, and are not discharged, but pulled away on currents of wind. The conidiophores are short and unspecialized, and perform as a means to elevate the spore chains above infected tissues to provide better exposure to air currents.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

When infection occurs during or shortly after pollination, asymptomatic growth of the pathogen allows the fruit to mature normally. However, as the fruit ripens, small circular brown spots begin developing and quickly rotting on the flesh's surface; given plenty of moisture, conidial pustules develop on the infected areas. On mature infected fruits, brown rot spreads quickly throughout the fruit as a brown decay of the flesh. In areas/climates with high relative humidity, conidial tufts appear at the surface of the fruit; when RH is low, the fruit simply desiccates. Fruit rot caused by the brown rot pathogen Monilinia fructigena is a notorious ailment found in Malus domestica—the apple tree—with the fungus occasionally spreading from the infected fruit to the branches, causing cankering. With apple infections, a varying symptom can occur within the fruits, causing what is commonly known as “black apple”. This symptom entails the color of the rot changing from brown to a deep shade of black. The apple skin remains shiny and unbroken, and shrinkage of the actual tissue does not occur until later in development, where it often rots quickly in storage. Fruit rot is commonly found on apples, pears, and plums, but is less often found within peaches, nectarines, or apricots.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Three Monilinia species cause brown rot of fruit (Monilinia laxa, Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia fructigena); Monilinia fructigena is found most commonly to cause brown rot in fruits of the Pome family and Rosaceae family. The genus Monilinia could be viewed as divided into two sections, Disjunctoriae and Junctoriae; M. fructigena belongs to Junctoriae. These ‘sections’ are the resulting attempt to further differentiate Monilinia into two separate classifications based on morphology, the specialization of the pathogens’ hosts, and the biological process of infection. Belonging to the section Junctoriae entails possessing no disjunctor cells in between the mature spores contained in the conidial chains.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Monilinia fructigena. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/monilinia-fructigena/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.