01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Parmelina pastillifera forms a closely attached, rosette-like thallus usually 4–8 cm across, occasionally reaching up to about 15 cm. The are relatively narrow (about 3–7 mm wide), more or less linear and lie close together or slightly overlapping, often with a gently wavy appearance near the centre. Their margins are broadly rounded but irregularly indented, with short, hair-like in the angles between adjacent lobes. The upper surface is mineral grey with a bluish tinge, faintly spotted and often dusted with a pale towards the lobe tips. The underside is black, becoming brown near the lobe edges, and bears unbranched rhizines that extend right out to the margins. The thallus is characteristically isidiate. The isidia are blue-black, , and may be scattered across the lobes or form a dense covering in the centre. They begin as short, flat-topped outgrowths but their tips soon develop a raised rim, giving them a button-like appearance, and they can become knobbly, twisted and sometimes merge. Where apothecia are present they are reported to resemble those of Parmelina carporrhizans. In standard chemical spot tests, the reacts K+ (yellow), while the medulla is C+ (carmine-red), KC+ (red), and negative with K and Pd and under UV light, indicating the presence of atranorin and lecanoric acid.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Parmelina pastillifera occurs in Europe and Great Britain. It grows on well-lit, nutrient-rich or nutrient-enriched bark, particularly on the branches of Fraxinus and Acer, and also grows on siliceous rocks, roof tiles and memorials in similarly exposed positions.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

The thallus is characteristically isidiate. The isidia are blue-black, , and may be scattered across the lobes or form a dense covering in the centre. They begin as short, flat-topped outgrowths but their tips soon develop a raised rim, giving them a button-like appearance, and they can become knobbly, twisted and sometimes merge. Where apothecia are present they are reported to resemble those of Parmelina carporrhizans. In standard chemical spot tests, the reacts K+ (yellow), while the medulla is C+ (carmine-red), KC+ (red), and negative with K and Pd and under UV light, indicating the presence of atranorin and lecanoric acid.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Parmelia pastillifera; Parmelia scortea var. pastillifera; Parmelia tiliacea var. pastillifera
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Parmelina pastillifera menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Fotografer tidak dicantumkan. Sumber observasi iNaturalist; pengunggah: Kian Hayles-Cotton. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
Fotografer tidak dicantumkan. Sumber observasi iNaturalist; pengunggah: Kian Hayles-Cotton
Lisensi
CC0 1.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Parmelina pastillifera pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Parmelina pastillifera pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC0 1.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

no rights reserved

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Parmelina pastillifera — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1325189164
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Parmelina pastilliferaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4DPN5; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Parmelina pastilliferaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC0 1.0 · Fotografer tidak dicantumkan. Sumber observasi iNaturalist; pengunggah: Kian Hayles-Cotton
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Parmelina pastilliferaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC0 1.0 · no rights reserved

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Parmelina pastillifera — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Parmelina pastillifera is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. The species forms greyish rosettes typically 4–8 cm across on nutrient-rich bark, particularly on ash and maple branches, as well as on rocks and tiles in exposed situations. It is readily identified by its characteristic button-like, blue-black outgrowths (isidia) that cover the and often become dense in the centre of the thallus. The lichen occurs in Europe and Great Britain, where it is associated with well-lit habitats.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Parmelina pastillifera forms a closely attached, rosette-like thallus usually 4–8 cm across, occasionally reaching up to about 15 cm. The are relatively narrow (about 3–7 mm wide), more or less linear and lie close together or slightly overlapping, often with a gently wavy appearance near the centre. Their margins are broadly rounded but irregularly indented, with short, hair-like in the angles between adjacent lobes. The upper surface is mineral grey with a bluish tinge, faintly spotted and often dusted with a pale towards the lobe tips. The underside is black, becoming brown near the lobe edges, and bears unbranched rhizines that extend right out to the margins. The thallus is characteristically isidiate. The isidia are blue-black, , and may be scattered across the lobes or form a dense covering in the centre. They begin as short, flat-topped outgrowths but their tips soon develop a raised rim, giving them a button-like appearance, and they can become knobbly, twisted and sometimes merge. Where apothecia are present they are reported to resemble those of Parmelina carporrhizans. In standard chemical spot tests, the reacts K+ (yellow), while the medulla is C+ (carmine-red), KC+ (red), and negative with K and Pd and under UV light, indicating the presence of atranorin and lecanoric acid.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Parmelina pastillifera occurs in Europe and Great Britain. It grows on well-lit, nutrient-rich or nutrient-enriched bark, particularly on the branches of Fraxinus and Acer, and also grows on siliceous rocks, roof tiles and memorials in similarly exposed positions.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

The thallus is characteristically isidiate. The isidia are blue-black, , and may be scattered across the lobes or form a dense covering in the centre. They begin as short, flat-topped outgrowths but their tips soon develop a raised rim, giving them a button-like appearance, and they can become knobbly, twisted and sometimes merge. Where apothecia are present they are reported to resemble those of Parmelina carporrhizans. In standard chemical spot tests, the reacts K+ (yellow), while the medulla is C+ (carmine-red), KC+ (red), and negative with K and Pd and under UV light, indicating the presence of atranorin and lecanoric acid.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Parmelina pastillifera. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/parmelina-pastillifera/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.