01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

In late spring, chlorotic spots appear on tree leaves. These develop into brown-black lesions, retaining the yellow border. The lesions continue to grow, and by the end of summer form leaf spots that look like tar. The spot can grow up to 1.5 in in diameter. A microscopic sign of the pathogen are the stroma, mats of hyphae found in the lesions. These lesions can cause senescence of leaves but are mostly of cosmetic importance. Rhytisma acerinum is the teleomorph of tar spot. In the spring, needle-shaped ascospores are released from overwintering apothecia in fallen leaf debris. These spores are disseminated by the wind and have a sticky coat to attach to new healthy leaves. Once on the leaves, the spores germinate and penetrate through the stoma. Young trees growing in shade are therefore more susceptible. Under these conditions, conidiophores excrete a milky substance of conidia. In times of drought, the conidia stick together as one unit and form yellowish tendrils. Because the conidia are not infectious, this stage is not seen as often as the teleomorph, and it is not certain why the spores are produced.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Tar spot paling umum ditemukan di Europe and Amerika Utara. Namun, sementara sulfur dioxide beracun bagi jamur dalam studi laboratorium (sulfur dioxide mencegah stroma menyebabkan infeksi berikutnya), tidak ada korelasi antara tingkat polusi dan penyakit. Sebaliknya, ditemukan bahwa di daerah perkotaan daun yang jatuh (terinfeksi) lebih mungkin untuk dibasmi dan dihapus, sehingga menghilangkan sumber infeksi untuk tanaman. Seperti yang disebutkan sebelumnya, penyakit ini muncul di musim panas terutama pada musim basah, tetapi juga dapat berkembang selama musim kering.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
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Substrat
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Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Rhytisma acerinum is the teleomorph of tar spot. In the spring, needle-shaped ascospores are released from overwintering apothecia in fallen leaf debris. These spores are disseminated by the wind and have a sticky coat to attach to new healthy leaves. Once on the leaves, the spores germinate and penetrate through the stoma. Young trees growing in shade are therefore more susceptible. Under these conditions, conidiophores excrete a milky substance of conidia. In times of drought, the conidia stick together as one unit and form yellowish tendrils. Because the conidia are not infectious, this stage is not seen as often as the teleomorph, and it is not certain why the spores are produced. Tar spot is a localized disease that causes mostly cosmetic symptoms and is therefore not a highly controlled disease.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Criella aceris-laurini; Dothidea acerina; Melanosorus acerinus; Melasmia acerina; Placuntium acerinum; Placuntium pseudoplatani; Polystigma acerinum; Rhytisma acerinum f. spermatigerum; Rhytisma acerinum var. australe; Rhytisma acerinum var. dasycarpi; Rhytisma acerinum var. pseudoplatani; Rhytisma aceris-laurini; Rhytisma pseudoplatani; Xyloma acerinum; Xyloma acerinum var. betulinum; Xyloma acerinum var. pseudoplatani; Xyloma gyrans; Xyloma lacrymans; Xyloma pseudoplatani
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Rhytisma acerinum dari Wikimedia Commons. Tar spot fungus on a maple tree in Green-Wood Cemetery Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
Rhododendrites
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Rhytisma acerinum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1322168109
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Rhytisma acerinumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4SXRK; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Rhytisma acerinumBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Rhododendrites

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Rhytisma acerinum — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

In late spring, chlorotic spots appear on tree leaves. These develop into brown-black lesions, retaining the yellow border. The lesions continue to grow, and by the end of summer form leaf spots that look like tar. The spot can grow up to 1.5 in in diameter. A microscopic sign of the pathogen are the stroma, mats of hyphae found in the lesions. These lesions can cause senescence of leaves but are mostly of cosmetic importance. Rhytisma acerinum is the teleomorph of tar spot. In the spring, needle-shaped ascospores are released from overwintering apothecia in fallen leaf debris.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

In late spring, chlorotic spots appear on tree leaves. These develop into brown-black lesions, retaining the yellow border. The lesions continue to grow, and by the end of summer form leaf spots that look like tar. The spot can grow up to 1.5 in in diameter. A microscopic sign of the pathogen are the stroma, mats of hyphae found in the lesions. These lesions can cause senescence of leaves but are mostly of cosmetic importance. Rhytisma acerinum is the teleomorph of tar spot. In the spring, needle-shaped ascospores are released from overwintering apothecia in fallen leaf debris. These spores are disseminated by the wind and have a sticky coat to attach to new healthy leaves. Once on the leaves, the spores germinate and penetrate through the stoma. Young trees growing in shade are therefore more susceptible. Under these conditions, conidiophores excrete a milky substance of conidia. In times of drought, the conidia stick together as one unit and form yellowish tendrils. Because the conidia are not infectious, this stage is not seen as often as the teleomorph, and it is not certain why the spores are produced.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Tar spot is most commonly found in Europe and North America. However, while sulfur dioxide is toxic to the fungus in laboratory studies (sulfur dioxide prevents stroma from causing subsequent infections), no correlation was found between pollution levels and the disease. Instead, it was found that in urban areas fallen (infected) leaves were more likely to be swept up and removed, thus removing a source of infection for the plants. As mentioned previously, the disease appears in the summer especially in times of wetness, but it can also develop through a drier season.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Rhytisma acerinum is the teleomorph of tar spot. In the spring, needle-shaped ascospores are released from overwintering apothecia in fallen leaf debris. These spores are disseminated by the wind and have a sticky coat to attach to new healthy leaves. Once on the leaves, the spores germinate and penetrate through the stoma. Young trees growing in shade are therefore more susceptible. Under these conditions, conidiophores excrete a milky substance of conidia. In times of drought, the conidia stick together as one unit and form yellowish tendrils. Because the conidia are not infectious, this stage is not seen as often as the teleomorph, and it is not certain why the spores are produced. Tar spot is a localized disease that causes mostly cosmetic symptoms and is therefore not a highly controlled disease.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Rhytisma acerinum. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/rhytisma-acerinum/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.