Sulcaria spiralifera

Ciri dan struktur

The thallus of Sulcaria spiralifera usually hangs in a more or less fashion, extending from 4 – 12 cm in length. Displaying colors ranging from pale to dark brown, the exterior can either be dull or exhibit a subtle sheen, frequently appearing , or powdery, in the norstictic acid chemotype. The darkest brown coloration is typically found on thalli growing at the western edges of dune forests, where they are exposed to sand abrasion, salt spray, wind, and high light levels, suggesting this coloration may be an environmental adaptation rather than a genetic trait. It features predominantly irregular branching without any apparent primary branches, and the angles created at these junctions are usually acute. The branches themselves have diameters falling between 0.10 and 0.35 mm, with small, spine-like side branches emerging near the tips. One of the distinguishing characteristics of this lichen is the presence of pseudocyphellae, or small pores on the surface of the thallus. These typically stand out due to their white color and can be straight or wrap around the branches in a spiral fashion. Their size ranges from 1 to 4 mm in length, they sometimes exhibit a furrowed texture, and they may be found either densely packed or sporadically. However, soralia and isidia, structures associated with vegetative reproduction, are absent in this species. The presence of apothecia and conidiomata, structures linked to sexual and asexual reproduction, respectively, have yet to be observed in this species. Chemically, Sulcaria spiralifera presents two distinct chemotypes which are now recognized as taxonomic varieties.

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Rujukan: [1]

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Habitat dan peran ekologis

Found along the west coast of North America, Sulcaria spiralifera is a seldom seen yet occasionally locally abundant species native to regions spanning from northern California to Washington. Its preferred habitats include open or shaded maritime forests, where it is found growing on lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta), Sitka spruces (Picea sitchensis), and an array of shrubs and deciduous trees. The species is most abundant in high exposure sites such as forest edges along sand dunes and large canopy gaps. In lodgepole pine stands, which have relatively open canopies, it occurs abundantly in both the understory and upper canopy. However, in Sitka spruce stands with more closed canopies, it is mostly restricted to the upper tree crowns. The species thrives in a climate characterized by cool rainy winters and mild dry summers, where fog plays a significant role in its moisture requirements. Its distribution closely correlates with the coastal summer fog zone, occurring in areas that experience between 60 and 80 foggy days per year. On a typical foggy day in coastal northern California forests, these lichens can receive moisture equivalent to 0.3 cm of rainfall.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

hutan

Substrat

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Peran atau konteks

Pembentuk liken

Reproduksi

One of the distinguishing characteristics of this lichen is the presence of pseudocyphellae, or small pores on the surface of the thallus. These typically stand out due to their white color and can be straight or wrap around the branches in a spiral fashion. Their size ranges from 1 to 4 mm in length, they sometimes exhibit a furrowed texture, and they may be found either densely packed or sporadically. However, soralia and isidia, structures associated with vegetative reproduction, are absent in this species. The presence of apothecia and conidiomata, structures linked to sexual and asexual reproduction, respectively, have yet to be observed in this species.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Sulcaria spiralifera menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Ken-ichi Ueda. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis

Fotografi

Kredit

(c) Ken-ichi Ueda, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Ken-ichi Ueda

Lisensi

CC BY 4.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

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Dokumentasi tambahan

Sumber profil

1. [1] Sulcaria spiralifera — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1352544600
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Sulcaria spiraliferaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 53FCT; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Sulcaria spiraliferaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Ken-ichi Ueda, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Ken-ichi Ueda
4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Sulcaria spiraliferaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Ken-ichi Ueda, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Ken-ichi Ueda