01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Stromata superficial, hemispherical, up to 2 cm long × 0.2–0.8 cm wide, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Olivaceous (48) to brown when young, becoming Brown Vinaceous (84); blackish granules immediately beneath surface; with KOH-extractable pigments Yellowish Green (18) or Green (20). Perithecia spherical to obovoid 0.5–0.75 mm high × 0.25–0.65 mm wide; ostioles coarsely papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum -type disc 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with weakly amyloid, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5 µm high × 1–1.5 µm wide, stipe up to 50 µm, and spore-bearing portion 60–70 × 4–5 µm. Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, (7–)8.0–11.0(–12) × 3–4 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on the convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth with a thickening on the convex side; epispore smooth. Annulohypoxylon annulatum and A. truncatum share stromatic features, such as truncatum -type ostiolar discs and KOH-extractable pigments. Annulohypoxylon annulatum can be differentiated from A. truncatum by the shape of its stromata (hemispherical or massively pulvinate in A. annulatum and hemispherical, glomerate, pulvinate, or effused-pulvinate in A. truncatum), stromatal secondary metabolites (hypoxylonols C and F in A. annulatum and truncatone A and truncaquinones A and B in A. truncatum), and molecular phylogeny (Kuhnert et al. 2017; Li et al. 2025). Most of the characters of the Iranian specimens are in accordance with the type description (Ju and Rogers 1996; Kuhnert et al. 2017), aside from insignificant variations in the size of ascospores [(7–)8.0–11.0(–12) × 3–4 vs. 7.5–10.5(–11) × 3.5–5(–6) µm].

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Iran • Guilan Province, Rasht County, Saravan forest, 37°04'26"N, 49°38'13"E, 183 m elev., on fallen branch of Quercus castaneifolia, 9 October 2016, M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1614; living culture MUCL 57733; IRAN 3726C); • Guilan Province, Siahkal County, Ziaratgah forest, 37°08'07.34"N, 49°55'36.14"E, 260 m elev., on dead branches (host unknown), 14 October 2016, M.J. Pourmoghaddam.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Belum dikategorikan pada rilis ini.
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Stromata superficial, hemispherical, up to 2 cm long × 0.2–0.8 cm wide, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Olivaceous (48) to brown when young, becoming Brown Vinaceous (84); blackish granules immediately beneath surface; with KOH-extractable pigments Yellowish Green (18) or Green (20). Perithecia spherical to obovoid 0.5–0.75 mm high × 0.25–0.65 mm wide; ostioles coarsely papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum -type disc 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with weakly amyloid, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5 µm high × 1–1.5 µm wide, stipe up to 50 µm, and spore-bearing portion 60–70 × 4–5 µm. Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, (7–)8.0–11.0(–12) × 3–4 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on the convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth with a thickening on the convex side; epispore smooth.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Hypoxylon annulatum; Hypoxylon circumscribum; Hypoxylon marginatum; Hypoxylon marginatum var. emarginata; Sphaeria annulata
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Preserve original treatment localities, hosts and substrate scope. Materials examined describe documented specimens, not the full global range.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Annulohypoxylon annulatum menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Bill Sheehan. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Annulohypoxylon annulatum pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Annulohypoxylon annulatum pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Brian C. Hunt, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Brian C. Hunt

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

Pelat ilmiah Annulohypoxylon annulatum menurut sumber

Annulohypoxylon annulatum (GUM 1614). A, B. Old and young stromatal habit; C. Close-up view of stroma surface; D. Close-up view of stroma surface with KOH-extractable pigments from stroma; E, F. Close-up view of ostiolar discs; G. Stroma in vertical section showing perithecia; H. Mature ascus in water; I. Ascus tip in Melzer’s reagent (black arrow); J. Ascospore in water; K. Ascospores in 10% KOH with dehiscent perispore showing thickening. Scale bars: 2 mm (C); 1.5 mm (D); 0.5 mm (E, F); 1 mm (G); 20 µm (H); 10 µm (I–K).

Pelat ilmiah · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

Mohammad Javad Pourmoghaddam, Christopher Lambert, Hermann Voglmayr, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, Marc Stadler

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] A polyphasic study of Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) in Iran: new species and records from Hyrcanian forests — Annulohypoxylon annulatumBagian sumber: PMC13084264_section_8
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Pourmoghaddam MJ, Lambert C, Voglmayr H, Khodaparast SA, Stadler M.
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Annulohypoxylon annulatumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 674F5; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Annulohypoxylon annulatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Bill Sheehan, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Bill Sheehan
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Annulohypoxylon annulatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Brian C. Hunt, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Brian C. Hunt
  5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Annulohypoxylon annulatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Mohammad Javad Pourmoghaddam, Christopher Lambert, Hermann Voglmayr, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, Marc Stadler

Adaptasi teks: CC BY 4.0. Pourmoghaddam MJ, Lambert C, Voglmayr H, Khodaparast SA, Stadler M. — A polyphasic study of Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) in Iran: new species and records from Hyrcanian forests — Annulohypoxylon annulatum

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Stromata superficial, hemispherical, up to 2 cm long × 0.2–0.8 cm wide, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Olivaceous (48) to brown when young, becoming Brown Vinaceous (84); blackish granules immediately beneath surface; with KOH-extractable pigments Yellowish Green (18) or Green (20). Perithecia spherical to obovoid 0.5–0.75 mm high × 0.25–0.65 mm wide; ostioles coarsely papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum -type disc 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with weakly amyloid, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5 µm high × 1–1.5 µm wide, stipe up to 50 µm, and spore-bearing portion 60–70 × 4–5 µm.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Stromata superficial, hemispherical, up to 2 cm long × 0.2–0.8 cm wide, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Olivaceous (48) to brown when young, becoming Brown Vinaceous (84); blackish granules immediately beneath surface; with KOH-extractable pigments Yellowish Green (18) or Green (20). Perithecia spherical to obovoid 0.5–0.75 mm high × 0.25–0.65 mm wide; ostioles coarsely papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum -type disc 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with weakly amyloid, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5 µm high × 1–1.5 µm wide, stipe up to 50 µm, and spore-bearing portion 60–70 × 4–5 µm. Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, (7–)8.0–11.0(–12) × 3–4 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on the convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth with a thickening on the convex side; epispore smooth. Annulohypoxylon annulatum and A. truncatum share stromatic features, such as truncatum -type ostiolar discs and KOH-extractable pigments. Annulohypoxylon annulatum can be differentiated from A. truncatum by the shape of its stromata (hemispherical or massively pulvinate in A. annulatum and hemispherical, glomerate, pulvinate, or effused-pulvinate in A. truncatum), stromatal secondary metabolites (hypoxylonols C and F in A. annulatum and truncatone A and truncaquinones A and B in A. truncatum), and molecular phylogeny (Kuhnert et al. 2017; Li et al. 2025). Most of the characters of the Iranian specimens are in accordance with the type description (Ju and Rogers 1996; Kuhnert et al. 2017), aside from insignificant variations in the size of ascospores [(7–)8.0–11.0(–12) × 3–4 vs. 7.5–10.5(–11) × 3.5–5(–6) µm].

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Iran • Guilan Province, Rasht County, Saravan forest, 37°04'26"N, 49°38'13"E, 183 m elev., on fallen branch of Quercus castaneifolia, 9 October 2016, M.J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1614; living culture MUCL 57733; IRAN 3726C); • Guilan Province, Siahkal County, Ziaratgah forest, 37°08'07.34"N, 49°55'36.14"E, 260 m elev., on dead branches (host unknown), 14 October 2016, M.J. Pourmoghaddam.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Stromata superficial, hemispherical, up to 2 cm long × 0.2–0.8 cm wide, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Olivaceous (48) to brown when young, becoming Brown Vinaceous (84); blackish granules immediately beneath surface; with KOH-extractable pigments Yellowish Green (18) or Green (20). Perithecia spherical to obovoid 0.5–0.75 mm high × 0.25–0.65 mm wide; ostioles coarsely papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum -type disc 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with weakly amyloid, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5 µm high × 1–1.5 µm wide, stipe up to 50 µm, and spore-bearing portion 60–70 × 4–5 µm. Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, (7–)8.0–11.0(–12) × 3–4 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on the convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10% KOH, smooth with a thickening on the convex side; epispore smooth.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Annulohypoxylon annulatum. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/annulohypoxylon-annulatum/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.