01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Herpothallon rubroechinatum forms a crust-like growth on tree bark (corticolous). The thallus (lichen body) is clearly defined by a distinct border of white, radiating fungal filaments (hyphae) that typically contain at least some rust-red pigmentation. The main surface of the thallus appears greyish white, becoming beige with age, and lacks a protective outer layer (). The thallus texture is cottony, in some areas appearing almost . The central part of the thallus is densely covered with slightly darker, compact reproductive structures called pseudisidia. These pseudisidia appear as if they were sprinkled with rust-red, needle-shaped pigment crystals, which is a distinctive characteristic of this species. The pseudisidia come in two forms (dimorphic): some are swollen and globular, containing a central pycnidium (structure producing asexual spores), while others develop into elongated, worm-like forms. The internal tissue (medulla) is white, containing brownish granules and sparse calcium oxalate crystals. When tested with chemical spot tests, the green-white parts of the thallus are K−, but the rust-red portions are (K+) purple. The thallus is P+ (bright yellow), C−, and KC−. It does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light (UV−), and shows no staining reaction with iodine (I−). Chemical analysis reveals the presence of psoromic acid, which gives the species its P+ (yellow) reaction.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Herpothallon rubroechinatum has a neotropical distribution, occurring in tropical regions of the Americas. It was documented in the Galápagos Islands in 2013, representing a new record for both the archipelago and Ecuador. In the Galápagos, the few known specimens were collected in the humid zone of Santa Cruz Island, growing on both native endemic trees such as Scalesia pedunculata and introduced trees including Cinchona pubescens and Cedrela odorata. It prefers semi-shaded to shaded and sheltered habitats. The lichen is also found in Costa Rica and Peru.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
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Substrat
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Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

The thallus texture is cottony, in some areas appearing almost . The central part of the thallus is densely covered with slightly darker, compact reproductive structures called pseudisidia. These pseudisidia appear as if they were sprinkled with rust-red, needle-shaped pigment crystals, which is a distinctive characteristic of this species. The pseudisidia come in two forms (dimorphic): some are swollen and globular, containing a central pycnidium (structure producing asexual spores), while others develop into elongated, worm-like forms. The internal tissue (medulla) is white, containing brownish granules and sparse calcium oxalate crystals.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Voucher herbarium Herpothallon rubroechinatum (03219041), The New York Botanical Garden. Identifikasi mengikuti record spesimen sumber. Foto bahan, kemasan, atau label herbarium sebagaimana tersedia pada record institusi; bukan foto lapangan atau penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Voucher herbarium
Kredit
The New York Botanical Garden
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Herpothallon rubroechinatum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1326208037
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Herpothallon rubroechinatumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 3L3DQ; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Herpothallon rubroechinatumBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · The New York Botanical Garden

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Herpothallon rubroechinatum — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Herpothallon rubroechinatum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It is distinguished by its greyish-white to beige thallus and distinctive rust-red crystals that appear sprinkled on its reproductive structures. The species contains psoromic acid and reproduces primarily through vegetative means rather than spores. Initially documented in Florida, Costa Rica, and Peru, its known range expanded to the Galápagos Islands in 2013, where it inhabits the humid zone of Santa Cruz Island, growing on both native endemic trees and introduced species in semi-shaded to shaded environments.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Herpothallon rubroechinatum forms a crust-like growth on tree bark (corticolous). The thallus (lichen body) is clearly defined by a distinct border of white, radiating fungal filaments (hyphae) that typically contain at least some rust-red pigmentation. The main surface of the thallus appears greyish white, becoming beige with age, and lacks a protective outer layer (). The thallus texture is cottony, in some areas appearing almost . The central part of the thallus is densely covered with slightly darker, compact reproductive structures called pseudisidia. These pseudisidia appear as if they were sprinkled with rust-red, needle-shaped pigment crystals, which is a distinctive characteristic of this species. The pseudisidia come in two forms (dimorphic): some are swollen and globular, containing a central pycnidium (structure producing asexual spores), while others develop into elongated, worm-like forms. The internal tissue (medulla) is white, containing brownish granules and sparse calcium oxalate crystals. When tested with chemical spot tests, the green-white parts of the thallus are K−, but the rust-red portions are (K+) purple. The thallus is P+ (bright yellow), C−, and KC−. It does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light (UV−), and shows no staining reaction with iodine (I−). Chemical analysis reveals the presence of psoromic acid, which gives the species its P+ (yellow) reaction.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Herpothallon rubroechinatum has a neotropical distribution, occurring in tropical regions of the Americas. It was documented in the Galápagos Islands in 2013, representing a new record for both the archipelago and Ecuador. In the Galápagos, the few known specimens were collected in the humid zone of Santa Cruz Island, growing on both native endemic trees such as Scalesia pedunculata and introduced trees including Cinchona pubescens and Cedrela odorata. It prefers semi-shaded to shaded and sheltered habitats. The lichen is also found in Costa Rica and Peru.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

The thallus texture is cottony, in some areas appearing almost . The central part of the thallus is densely covered with slightly darker, compact reproductive structures called pseudisidia. These pseudisidia appear as if they were sprinkled with rust-red, needle-shaped pigment crystals, which is a distinctive characteristic of this species. The pseudisidia come in two forms (dimorphic): some are swollen and globular, containing a central pycnidium (structure producing asexual spores), while others develop into elongated, worm-like forms. The internal tissue (medulla) is white, containing brownish granules and sparse calcium oxalate crystals.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Herpothallon rubroechinatum. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/herpothallon-rubroechinatum/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.