01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The fruit bodies of L. echinatum are 2 – 4 cm wide by 2 – 3.5 cm tall, and are roughly spherical, or pear-shaped. The exterior surface is crowded with spines that may be up to 0.6 cm long. According to Curtis Gates Lloyd, American specimens have more slender spines than European ones. Initially white and becoming dark brown in maturity, the spines are often joined at the tips in groups of three or four. In this form the puffballs resemble acorn caps of burr oak, with which they may readily be confused. The spines slough off in age, revealing a somewhat net-like or reticulated surface. The fruit body has a small base that is an off-white or purple-gray color, and it may be attached to the growing surface by thin white cords (rhizomorphs). The internal contents of the puffball contain the gleba, a mass of spores and associated spore-producing cells. In young specimens the gleba is white and firm, but as the puffball ages, it turns yellowish and then brown to purple-brown and powdery. Mature specimens develop a pore at the top of the fruit body through which spores are released when hit by falling raindrops. The spores of L. echinatum, roughly spherical with warts on the surface, have diameters between 4 and 6 μm. The capillitia (coarse thick-walled hyphae in the gleba) are elastic, brown in color, contain small pores, and are 5–8 μm thick. The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) may be attached to two to four spores, and the sterigmata (tapered spine-like projections from the basidia that attach the spores) are up to 5 μm long.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Lycoperdon echinatum dapat ditemukan baik secara solitaris atau dalam kelompok kecil. It typically grows on the ground in deciduous forests and grassy areas, glades and pastures, on moss, humus, or woody debris. Jamur telah dicatat memiliki preferensi untuk hutan beech. Fruit bodies may make their appearance anytime from the late spring to autumn. Older specimens lebih mungkin diabaikan, karena warna coklatnya bercampur dengan lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya dengan daun mati dan kayu mati. Puffball digunakan oleh berbagai spesies lalat scuttle (keluarga Phoridae) sebagai makanan larva. Spesies ini telah dikumpulkan dari Afrika tengah timur, Cina, Costa Rica, Iran, Jepang, dan Eropa (termasuk Inggris, Bulgaria, Republik Ceko, Finlandia, Jerman, Italia, Slowakia, Spanyol, Swedia, dan Swiss). Di Amerika Utara, "secara lokal sering" di timur Pegunungan Rocky. Hal ini dianggap spesies terancam di Åland (Finlandia). Sebuah studi tentang distribusi spesies di Sweden reported bahwa pada tahun 1940-an dan 50-an, tumbuh di hutan bukit dengan rumput dan ramuan berdaun lebar di atas tanah dengan tingkat pH tanah antara 5.0 dan 6.6, tetapi populasi telah berkurang karena penyedapannya selama beberapa dekade terakhir.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
tanah
Peran atau konteks
Belum dikategorikan pada rilis ini.
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

The fruit bodies of L. echinatum are 2 – 4 cm wide by 2 – 3.5 cm tall, and are roughly spherical, or pear-shaped. The exterior surface is crowded with spines that may be up to 0.6 cm long. According to Curtis Gates Lloyd, American specimens have more slender spines than European ones. Initially white and becoming dark brown in maturity, the spines are often joined at the tips in groups of three or four. In this form the puffballs resemble acorn caps of burr oak, with which they may readily be confused. The spines slough off in age, revealing a somewhat net-like or reticulated surface. The fruit body has a small base that is an off-white or purple-gray color, and it may be attached to the growing surface by thin white cords (rhizomorphs).

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Lycoperdon excipuliforme var. echinatum; Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum; Lycoperdon hoylei; Utraria echinata
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Lycoperdon echinatum menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Davide Puddu. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Davide Puddu, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Davide Puddu
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Lycoperdon echinatum pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Lycoperdon echinatum pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) tomasz przechlewski, some rights reserved (CC BY)

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Lycoperdon echinatum pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Lycoperdon echinatum pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) tomasz przechlewski, some rights reserved (CC BY)

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Lycoperdon echinatum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1330980306
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Lycoperdon echinatumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 3WLFH; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Lycoperdon echinatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Davide Puddu, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Davide Puddu
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Lycoperdon echinatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) tomasz przechlewski, some rights reserved (CC BY)
  5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Lycoperdon echinatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) tomasz przechlewski, some rights reserved (CC BY)

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Lycoperdon echinatum — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Lycoperdon echinatum, commonly known as the spiny puffball or the spring puffball, is a type of puffball mushroom in the family Agaricaceae. The saprobic species has been found in Africa, Europe, Central America, and North America, where it grows on soil in deciduous woods, glades, and pastures. It has been proposed that North American specimens be considered a separate species, Lycoperdon americanum, but this suggestion has not been followed by most authors. Molecular analysis indicates that L. echinatum is closely related to the puffball genus Handkea.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The fruit bodies of L. echinatum are 2 – 4 cm wide by 2 – 3.5 cm tall, and are roughly spherical, or pear-shaped. The exterior surface is crowded with spines that may be up to 0.6 cm long. According to Curtis Gates Lloyd, American specimens have more slender spines than European ones. Initially white and becoming dark brown in maturity, the spines are often joined at the tips in groups of three or four. In this form the puffballs resemble acorn caps of burr oak, with which they may readily be confused. The spines slough off in age, revealing a somewhat net-like or reticulated surface. The fruit body has a small base that is an off-white or purple-gray color, and it may be attached to the growing surface by thin white cords (rhizomorphs). The internal contents of the puffball contain the gleba, a mass of spores and associated spore-producing cells. In young specimens the gleba is white and firm, but as the puffball ages, it turns yellowish and then brown to purple-brown and powdery. Mature specimens develop a pore at the top of the fruit body through which spores are released when hit by falling raindrops. The spores of L. echinatum, roughly spherical with warts on the surface, have diameters between 4 and 6 μm. The capillitia (coarse thick-walled hyphae in the gleba) are elastic, brown in color, contain small pores, and are 5–8 μm thick. The basidia (the spore-bearing cells) may be attached to two to four spores, and the sterigmata (tapered spine-like projections from the basidia that attach the spores) are up to 5 μm long.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Lycoperdon echinatum can be found either solitary or in small groups. It typically grows on the ground in deciduous forests and grassy areas, glades and pastures, on moss, humus, or woody debris. The fungus has been noted to have a preference for beech woods. Fruit bodies may make their appearance anytime from the late spring to autumn. Older specimens are more likely to be overlooked, as their brown color blends into the surrounding environment of dead leaves and dead wood. The puffball is used by various species of scuttle flies (family Phoridae) as larval food. This species has been collected from eastern central Africa, China, Costa Rica, Iran, Japan, and Europe (including Britain, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland). In North America, it is "locally frequent" east of the Rocky Mountains. It is considered a threatened species in Åland (Finland). A study of the species' distribution in Sweden reported that in the 1940s and 50s, it grew in beech woods with broad-leaved grasses and herbs in topsoils with soil pH levels between 5.0 and 6.6, but the populations have since decreased owing to soil acidification during the last several decades.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

The fruit bodies of L. echinatum are 2 – 4 cm wide by 2 – 3.5 cm tall, and are roughly spherical, or pear-shaped. The exterior surface is crowded with spines that may be up to 0.6 cm long. According to Curtis Gates Lloyd, American specimens have more slender spines than European ones. Initially white and becoming dark brown in maturity, the spines are often joined at the tips in groups of three or four. In this form the puffballs resemble acorn caps of burr oak, with which they may readily be confused. The spines slough off in age, revealing a somewhat net-like or reticulated surface. The fruit body has a small base that is an off-white or purple-gray color, and it may be attached to the growing surface by thin white cords (rhizomorphs).

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Lycoperdon echinatum. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/lycoperdon-echinatum/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.