01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada. In 1851, Joseph Leidy described and illustrated the fungus that had apparently caused the abdominal "rot" that Banneker had observed. In 1879, Charles Horton Peck described the fungus and named it Massospora cicadina. Peck placed the fungus among the class Coniomycetes, but in 1888 Thaxter and Forbes placed it instead in Entomophthoraceae. It was not until 1921 that the pathogen's microscopic characteristics were thoroughly studied by Speare, who found that conidia germinate quickly when placed in a nutrient substance. Spores of M. cicadina are capable of germinating and infecting cicadas at as little as one year but may remain dormant for either 13 or 17 years before becoming active. This synchronous cycle corresponds with local periods of cicada emergence. M. cicadina is thought to be the only pathogen that coincides with its host's 17-year life cycle; because of this it is considered to have the longest life cycle of any known fungus. M. cicadina resting spores do not require a dormant period: they are capable of germinating and infecting periodical cicadas after less than a year from their introduction into soil. Cicadas are believed to become infected by fungal spores as the nymphs dig tunnels to the soil surface days before their emergence as adults. Cicadas that come into contact with conidia from an infected adult cicada contract Stage II infection.

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Rujukan: [1]

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02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

M. cicadina infeksi Magicicada species, yang adalah cicada berkala 13 dan 17 tahun. Magicicada species menghabiskan sebagian besar hidup mereka di bawah tanah sebagai nimfa, makan cairan xylem akar pohon. They dig ke atas melalui tanah untuk berbentuk dewasa dan muncul di atas tanah setelah 13 atau 17 tahun. Adult periodical cicada hanya hidup selama 4 sampai 6 minggu, untuk mencuci dan melemparkan telur mereka. Females attract males for mating by flicking their wings, while males produce a mating call. After mating, cicada betina menyimpan hingga 600 atau lebih telur dalam potongan berbentuk V pada cabang pohon (biasanya 20 telur pada satu waktu dalam setiap potong). Species of genus Massospora are ditemukan di habitat yang sama dengan cicada tuan rumah mereka, yang mencakup rentang tempuh besar di Southern and Northern hemispheres. Another parasite yang menculik perilaku seksual tuan rumah adalah Massospora levispora, patogen cicada tahunan Okanagana rimosa. Ophiocordyceps sinensis adalah jamur entomopathogenic (jamur yang tumbuh pada serangga) dari keluarga Ophiocordycipitaceae. Hal ini terutama ditemukan di padang rumput di atas 3,500 m di Tibet Plateau in Barat Daya China and di Himalayan regions Nepal Bhutan and. Ini memparasitkan larva ngengat hantu dan menghasilkan tubuh berbuah yang dulu dihargai sebagai obat herbal dan dalam tradisional Chinese medicine.

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Habitat atau konteks temuan
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Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada. In 1851, Joseph Leidy described and illustrated the fungus that had apparently caused the abdominal "rot" that Banneker had observed. In 1879, Charles Horton Peck described the fungus and named it Massospora cicadina. Peck placed the fungus among the class Coniomycetes, but in 1888 Thaxter and Forbes placed it instead in Entomophthoraceae. It was not until 1921 that the pathogen's microscopic characteristics were thoroughly studied by Speare, who found that conidia germinate quickly when placed in a nutrient substance.

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Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Entomophthora cicadina
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Massospora cicadina menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Zachary Dankowicz. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Zachary Dankowicz, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Zachary Dankowicz
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Massospora cicadina — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1369814748
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Massospora cicadinaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 3YCFY; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Massospora cicadinaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Zachary Dankowicz, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Zachary Dankowicz

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Massospora cicadina — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada. In 1851, Joseph Leidy described and illustrated the fungus that had apparently caused the abdominal "rot" that Banneker had observed. In 1879, Charles Horton Peck described the fungus and named it Massospora cicadina. Peck placed the fungus among the class Coniomycetes, but in 1888 Thaxter and Forbes placed it instead in Entomophthoraceae. It was not until 1921 that the pathogen's microscopic characteristics were thoroughly studied by Speare, who found that conidia germinate quickly when placed in a nutrient substance. Spores of M. cicadina are capable of germinating and infecting cicadas at as little as one year but may remain dormant for either 13 or 17 years before becoming active. This synchronous cycle corresponds with local periods of cicada emergence. M. cicadina is thought to be the only pathogen that coincides with its host's 17-year life cycle; because of this it is considered to have the longest life cycle of any known fungus. M. cicadina resting spores do not require a dormant period: they are capable of germinating and infecting periodical cicadas after less than a year from their introduction into soil. Cicadas are believed to become infected by fungal spores as the nymphs dig tunnels to the soil surface days before their emergence as adults. Cicadas that come into contact with conidia from an infected adult cicada contract Stage II infection.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

M. cicadina infects Magicicada species, which are 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas. Magicicada species spend most of their lives underground as nymphs, feeding on xylem fluids of tree roots. They dig upwards through the soil to molt into adults and emerge above ground after 13 or 17 years. Adult periodical cicadas live only for 4 to 6 weeks, to mate and deposit their eggs. Females attract males for mating by flicking their wings, while males produce a mating call. After mating, female cicadas deposit up to 600 or more eggs in V-shaped cuts on tree twigs (usually 20 eggs at a time in each cut). Species of the genus Massospora are found in the same habitats as their host cicadas, which includes large temperate ranges in the Southern and Northern hemispheres. Another parasite that hijacks host sexual behavior is Massospora levispora, a pathogen of the annual cicada Okanagana rimosa. Ophiocordyceps sinensis is an entomopathogenic fungus (a fungus that grows on insects) in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It is mainly found in the meadows above 3,500 m on the Tibetan Plateau in Southwest China and the Himalayan regions of Bhutan and Nepal. It parasitizes larvae of ghost moths and produces a fruiting body which used to be valued as a herbal remedy and in traditional Chinese medicine.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Massospora cicadina is a fungal pathogen that infects only 13 and 17 year periodical cicadas. Infection results in a "plug" of spores that replaces the end of the cicada's abdomen while it is still alive, leading to infertility, disease transmission, and eventual death of the cicada. In 1851, Joseph Leidy described and illustrated the fungus that had apparently caused the abdominal "rot" that Banneker had observed. In 1879, Charles Horton Peck described the fungus and named it Massospora cicadina. Peck placed the fungus among the class Coniomycetes, but in 1888 Thaxter and Forbes placed it instead in Entomophthoraceae. It was not until 1921 that the pathogen's microscopic characteristics were thoroughly studied by Speare, who found that conidia germinate quickly when placed in a nutrient substance.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Massospora cicadina. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/massospora-cicadina/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.