01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The epilithic thallus of Verrucaria muralis is thin (0.02–0.2 mm thick,) and greyish. It has medium-sized hemispherically protruding perithecia, more or less spherical pale exciples with a well-developed of medium thickness that usually reaches down to the middle part of the perithecium (rarely deeper). The hymenium has sparsely branched-anastomosing paraphyses of about 30–50 μm in length, and spores measuring 18–25 by 8–13 μm. In a study of lichen growth rate, Bruce Fink reported in 1917 that it increased in diameter 0.6 cm in 1 year. Verrucaria marinomuralis is a superficially similar species occurring on non-calcareous seaside rocks in the splash zone or above in central Japan and in Europe. Besides their different ecology, only minor morphological differences separate the two species. Another similar species, Verrucaria epilithea, differs from V. muralis by having a pale, rather than dark, exciple.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

The lichen is widely distributed in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries. It was reported for the first time in Korea in 2009.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

The epilithic thallus of Verrucaria muralis is thin (0.02–0.2 mm thick,) and greyish. It has medium-sized hemispherically protruding perithecia, more or less spherical pale exciples with a well-developed of medium thickness that usually reaches down to the middle part of the perithecium (rarely deeper). The hymenium has sparsely branched-anastomosing paraphyses of about 30–50 μm in length, and spores measuring 18–25 by 8–13 μm.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Thelotrema murale; Verrucaria muralis f. submuralis; Verrucaria muralis var. submuralis; Verrucaria rupestris var. submuralis; Verrucaria submuralis
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Verrucaria muralis menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Yann Kemper. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
no rights reserved, uploaded by Yann Kemper
Lisensi
CC0 1.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Verrucaria muralis pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Verrucaria muralis pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) aarongunnar, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by aarongunnar

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Verrucaria muralis — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1299020275
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Verrucaria muralisBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 5B89F; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Verrucaria muralisBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC0 1.0 · no rights reserved, uploaded by Yann Kemper
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Verrucaria muralisBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) aarongunnar, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by aarongunnar

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Verrucaria muralis — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Verrucaria muralis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling, crustose lichen in the family Verrucariaceae. It is a common species with an almost cosmopolitan distribution, occurring in an altitudinal range extending from the lowlands to the subalpine zone. It grows on calcareous rocks and walls. It was first formally described as a new species in 1803 by Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The epilithic thallus of Verrucaria muralis is thin (0.02–0.2 mm thick,) and greyish. It has medium-sized hemispherically protruding perithecia, more or less spherical pale exciples with a well-developed of medium thickness that usually reaches down to the middle part of the perithecium (rarely deeper). The hymenium has sparsely branched-anastomosing paraphyses of about 30–50 μm in length, and spores measuring 18–25 by 8–13 μm. In a study of lichen growth rate, Bruce Fink reported in 1917 that it increased in diameter 0.6 cm in 1 year. Verrucaria marinomuralis is a superficially similar species occurring on non-calcareous seaside rocks in the splash zone or above in central Japan and in Europe. Besides their different ecology, only minor morphological differences separate the two species. Another similar species, Verrucaria epilithea, differs from V. muralis by having a pale, rather than dark, exciple.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

The lichen is widely distributed in Fennoscandia and Baltic countries. It was reported for the first time in Korea in 2009.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

The epilithic thallus of Verrucaria muralis is thin (0.02–0.2 mm thick,) and greyish. It has medium-sized hemispherically protruding perithecia, more or less spherical pale exciples with a well-developed of medium thickness that usually reaches down to the middle part of the perithecium (rarely deeper). The hymenium has sparsely branched-anastomosing paraphyses of about 30–50 μm in length, and spores measuring 18–25 by 8–13 μm.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Verrucaria muralis. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/verrucaria-muralis/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.