01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The thallus of X. aureola is bright yellow, orange, or orange-red with a foliose morphology. Mutatoxanthin, a carotenoid important in the protection of the photosynthetic component against harsh sunlight, represents 94.4% of the total carotenoid content in X. aureola. Of all Xanthoria species, X. aureola contains the most mutatoxanthin. X. aureola is often confused with closely related species X. parietina and X. calcicola. In comparison, X. aureola has a brighter thallus color as well as a considerably thicker medulla (187 mm compared to 114–120 mm). Additionally, the rough upper surface of X. aureola contains few apothecia and does not contain soredia or isidia; laminar structures are lobules. Last, substrate is important: X. aureola is restricted to seashore rocks, while X. calcicola and X. parietinia can be found on almost any rock or wall.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Xanthoria aureola grows on exposed maritime rocks in sunny areas. It generally grows on nutrient-rich, siliceous rocks, as well as limestone and lignum. It is found on European coasts 0–150 meters above sea level. Some countries in which X. aureola is commonly found include Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Italy, and the UK. It usually grows next to X. parietina, but in greater abundance and on exposed rock. The algal symbiont in X. aureola is Trebouxia. Trebouxia fixes 14C mainly into ribitol during photosynthesis; approximately 80% is ribitol, 5% is sucrose, 4% is organic acids, and 9% is baseline CH. Therefore, ribitol is the main way in which carbohydrates are transferred among symbionts in the thallus. Environmental stress (i.e., increased UV light) enhances the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Membrane integrity was measured via conductivity and potential photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm), with the former being a more accurate measure. High UV, salt, and heavy metal concentrations increased membrane dissolution and electrolyte leakage. X. aureola was more resistant to salt than other lichenized species Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia sulcata.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
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Substrat
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Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

X. aureola is often confused with closely related species X. parietina and X. calcicola. In comparison, X. aureola has a brighter thallus color as well as a considerably thicker medulla (187 mm compared to 114–120 mm). Additionally, the rough upper surface of X. aureola contains few apothecia and does not contain soredia or isidia; laminar structures are lobules. Last, substrate is important: X. aureola is restricted to seashore rocks, while X. calcicola and X. parietinia can be found on almost any rock or wall.

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Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Imbricaria parietina f. aureola; Lichen diatrypus aureola; Parmelia aureola; Parmelia parietina f. aureola; Parmelia parietina var. aureola; Parmelia parietina var. foliosa; Physcia aureola; Physcia parietina f. aureola; Physcia parietina var. aureola; Teloschistes parietinus var. aureolus; Xanthoria parietina f. aureola; Xanthoria parietina var. aureola
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Xanthoria aureola menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Nova Patch. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Nova Patch, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Nova Patch
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Xanthoria aureola — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1360846703
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Xanthoria aureolaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 5C84Z; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Xanthoria aureolaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Nova Patch, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Nova Patch

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Xanthoria aureola — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Xanthoria aureola, commonly known as the seaside sunburst lichen, is a lichenized species of fungus in the family Teloschistaceae and phylum Ascomycota. X. aureola can be recognized by its bright yellow-orange pigmentation and abundant strap-shaped . It is usually found growing on exposed, nutrient-rich rocks in sunny, maritime habitats. It is largely restricted to European coasts, stretching from Portugal to Norway.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The thallus of X. aureola is bright yellow, orange, or orange-red with a foliose morphology. Mutatoxanthin, a carotenoid important in the protection of the photosynthetic component against harsh sunlight, represents 94.4% of the total carotenoid content in X. aureola. Of all Xanthoria species, X. aureola contains the most mutatoxanthin. X. aureola is often confused with closely related species X. parietina and X. calcicola. In comparison, X. aureola has a brighter thallus color as well as a considerably thicker medulla (187 mm compared to 114–120 mm). Additionally, the rough upper surface of X. aureola contains few apothecia and does not contain soredia or isidia; laminar structures are lobules. Last, substrate is important: X. aureola is restricted to seashore rocks, while X. calcicola and X. parietinia can be found on almost any rock or wall.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Xanthoria aureola grows on exposed maritime rocks in sunny areas. It generally grows on nutrient-rich, siliceous rocks, as well as limestone and lignum. It is found on European coasts 0–150 meters above sea level. Some countries in which X. aureola is commonly found include Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Italy, and the UK. It usually grows next to X. parietina, but in greater abundance and on exposed rock. The algal symbiont in X. aureola is Trebouxia. Trebouxia fixes 14C mainly into ribitol during photosynthesis; approximately 80% is ribitol, 5% is sucrose, 4% is organic acids, and 9% is baseline CH. Therefore, ribitol is the main way in which carbohydrates are transferred among symbionts in the thallus. Environmental stress (i.e., increased UV light) enhances the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Membrane integrity was measured via conductivity and potential photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fv/Fm), with the former being a more accurate measure. High UV, salt, and heavy metal concentrations increased membrane dissolution and electrolyte leakage. X. aureola was more resistant to salt than other lichenized species Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia sulcata.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

X. aureola is often confused with closely related species X. parietina and X. calcicola. In comparison, X. aureola has a brighter thallus color as well as a considerably thicker medulla (187 mm compared to 114–120 mm). Additionally, the rough upper surface of X. aureola contains few apothecia and does not contain soredia or isidia; laminar structures are lobules. Last, substrate is important: X. aureola is restricted to seashore rocks, while X. calcicola and X. parietinia can be found on almost any rock or wall.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Xanthoria aureola. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/xanthoria-aureola/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.