01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Apothecia not confluent, circular from the top view, at first globular, then flattened-turbinate and finally lenticular from the side view, sessile, evenly hyaline to creamy white or translucent pale greyish-rosy (if subjected to strong insolation), glabrous, * 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter, solitary to gregarious. Hymenium granulose due to the protrusion of living mature asci, concolorous with excipular surface, matte. Margin rounded in vertical median section, entire, smooth, not raised above hymenial plane. Outer surface smooth, concolorous with the hymenium. Subicular hyphae indistinguishable. Hymenium * 95–140 µm thick. Asci clavate with truncate apex, * 84–143 × 21.4–29.6 µm, † 89–104 × 16.4–23.3 µm, * Q = 4.1–5.6, significantly shorter and more clavate at the marginal rim, when mature * protruding above hymenium up to 26 µm, pars sporifera * 47.3–63.3 µm, 16-spored, hyaline, base attenuated, bifurcate, arising from perforated croziers, only fully mature asci with flat lentiform operculum clearly delimited prior the spore discharge, * 6.6–8 µm in diam. and * 0.6 µm thick, lateral wall 3-layered, * 0.7–0.8 µm thick, after spore discharge operculum as a rule clearly visible; in IKI inamyloid; in CR outermost wall vividly rutile-red throughout the ascal length, median layer pale rutile-yellow, innermost layer greyish; in CB cyanophobic. Ascospores * 10.7– 11.7 –13.8 × 6.8– 7.9 –8.5 µm, * Q = 1.4– 1.7 –1.7, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid and most often radially symmetrical, with rounded-obtuse poles, rarely slightly bilaterally symmetrical with one side somewhat less convex but never flattened, 1-celled, hyaline; in living asci bi- to triseriate; when freshly ejected remain in a single group for a while due to the delicate sticky sheath enveloping individual spores; surface smooth; wall 3-layered, 0.6–0.7 µm thick, perispore dull, epispore brightly refractive, endospore layer with pale greyish-isabelline refractivity; in IKI no notable differential stainings; eguttulate, uninucleate, nucleus ±centrally to unipolarly positioned, 2.7–3 µm wide, in CRB nucleus and sheath more contrasted, perispore dull deep bluish-violet/deep cyan, epispore CRB -, endospore purplish lilac/medium violet; after applying KOH spore sheath dissolves instantly, all structures discoloured, perispore not loosening, endospore layer purplish-rosaceous; in CR perispore dull, not stained as epispore, but endospore lilac reddish; in AC completely devoid of staining; in CB de Bary bubbles present only in mature spores, perispore not loosening, weakly cyanophilic.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

The species has a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found on dung of various wild and domestic animals, mainly herbivores (especially ruminant animals and rodents). In the temperate zone it is distributed in the habitats from maritime to alpine zones.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Substrat
kotoran hewan
Peran atau konteks
Belum dikategorikan pada rilis ini.
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Apothecia not confluent, circular from the top view, at first globular, then flattened-turbinate and finally lenticular from the side view, sessile, evenly hyaline to creamy white or translucent pale greyish-rosy (if subjected to strong insolation), glabrous, * 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter, solitary to gregarious. Hymenium granulose due to the protrusion of living mature asci, concolorous with excipular surface, matte. Margin rounded in vertical median section, entire, smooth, not raised above hymenial plane. Outer surface smooth, concolorous with the hymenium. Subicular hyphae indistinguishable. Hymenium * 95–140 µm thick. Asci clavate with truncate apex, * 84–143 × 21.4–29.6 µm, † 89–104 × 16.4–23.3 µm, * Q = 4.1–5.6, significantly shorter and more clavate at the marginal rim, when mature * protruding above hymenium up to 26 µm, pars sporifera * 47.3–63.3 µm, 16-spored, hyaline, base attenuated, bifurcate, arising from perforated croziers, only fully mature asci with flat lentiform operculum clearly delimited prior the spore discharge, * 6.6–8 µm in diam. and * 0.6 µm thick, lateral wall 3-layered, * 0.7–0.8 µm thick, after spore discharge operculum as a rule clearly visible; in IKI inamyloid; in CR outermost wall vividly rutile-red throughout the ascal length, median layer pale rutile-yellow, innermost layer greyish; in CB cyanophobic.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Ascobolus sexdecimsporus; Ascophanus sexdecimsporus; Mollisia sexdecimspora; Ryparobius sexdecimsporus
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Preserve original treatment localities, hosts and substrate scope. Materials examined describe documented specimens, not the full global range.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Coprotus sexdecimsporus. a Fresh apothecia on Equus asinus dung b Cross section with immature asci, paraphyses and marginal cells c, d Asci protruding above hymenium e Ascus with ascogenous cells f Paraphyses g Freshly ejected ascospore with a sheath h Mature ascospores i 16-spored freshly ejected packet of ascospores j Marginal cells from side view k Ectal excipulum cells in top view l Fresh apothecia on Lepus europaeus dung m Freshly ejected ascospores held together with a sheath n Ascus with ascogenous cells o Paraphyses with granular pigment and copious exudate p Excipular and marginal tissue. b, c, e–g, i, m-p * tap water d, h * IKI j, k † CB a–i from CNF 2/8394 j–p from CNF 2/8942. Scale bars: a, l 1 mm, b–k, m–o 10 μm, p 20 μm; del. N. Matočec, phot. N. Matočec & I. Kušan.

Jenis
Pelat ilmiah
Kredit
Ivana Kušan, Neven Matočec, Margita Jadan, Zdenko Tkalčec, Armin Mešić
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] An overview of the genus Coprotus (Pezizales, Ascomycota) with notes on the type species and description of C. epithecioides sp. nov. — Coprotus sexdecimsporusBagian sumber: PMC5804121_section_11
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Kusan, Ivana & Matocec, Neven & Jadan, Margita & Tkalcec, Zdenko
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Coprotus sexdecimsporusBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID Y6Y3; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Coprotus sexdecimsporusBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Ivana Kušan, Neven Matočec, Margita Jadan, Zdenko Tkalčec, Armin Mešić

Adaptasi teks: CC BY 4.0. Kusan, Ivana & Matocec, Neven & Jadan, Margita & Tkalcec, Zdenko — An overview of the genus Coprotus (Pezizales, Ascomycota) with notes on the type species and description of C. epithecioides sp. nov. — Coprotus sexdecimsporus

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Apothecia not confluent, circular from the top view, at first globular, then flattened-turbinate and finally lenticular from the side view, sessile, evenly hyaline to creamy white or translucent pale greyish-rosy (if subjected to strong insolation), glabrous, * 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter, solitary to gregarious. Hymenium granulose due to the protrusion of living mature asci, concolorous with excipular surface, matte. Margin rounded in vertical median section, entire, smooth, not raised above hymenial plane.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Apothecia not confluent, circular from the top view, at first globular, then flattened-turbinate and finally lenticular from the side view, sessile, evenly hyaline to creamy white or translucent pale greyish-rosy (if subjected to strong insolation), glabrous, * 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter, solitary to gregarious. Hymenium granulose due to the protrusion of living mature asci, concolorous with excipular surface, matte. Margin rounded in vertical median section, entire, smooth, not raised above hymenial plane. Outer surface smooth, concolorous with the hymenium. Subicular hyphae indistinguishable. Hymenium * 95–140 µm thick. Asci clavate with truncate apex, * 84–143 × 21.4–29.6 µm, † 89–104 × 16.4–23.3 µm, * Q = 4.1–5.6, significantly shorter and more clavate at the marginal rim, when mature * protruding above hymenium up to 26 µm, pars sporifera * 47.3–63.3 µm, 16-spored, hyaline, base attenuated, bifurcate, arising from perforated croziers, only fully mature asci with flat lentiform operculum clearly delimited prior the spore discharge, * 6.6–8 µm in diam. and * 0.6 µm thick, lateral wall 3-layered, * 0.7–0.8 µm thick, after spore discharge operculum as a rule clearly visible; in IKI inamyloid; in CR outermost wall vividly rutile-red throughout the ascal length, median layer pale rutile-yellow, innermost layer greyish; in CB cyanophobic. Ascospores * 10.7– 11.7 –13.8 × 6.8– 7.9 –8.5 µm, * Q = 1.4– 1.7 –1.7, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid and most often radially symmetrical, with rounded-obtuse poles, rarely slightly bilaterally symmetrical with one side somewhat less convex but never flattened, 1-celled, hyaline; in living asci bi- to triseriate; when freshly ejected remain in a single group for a while due to the delicate sticky sheath enveloping individual spores; surface smooth; wall 3-layered, 0.6–0.7 µm thick, perispore dull, epispore brightly refractive, endospore layer with pale greyish-isabelline refractivity; in IKI no notable differential stainings; eguttulate, uninucleate, nucleus ±centrally to unipolarly positioned, 2.7–3 µm wide, in CRB nucleus and sheath more contrasted, perispore dull deep bluish-violet/deep cyan, epispore CRB -, endospore purplish lilac/medium violet; after applying KOH spore sheath dissolves instantly, all structures discoloured, perispore not loosening, endospore layer purplish-rosaceous; in CR perispore dull, not stained as epispore, but endospore lilac reddish; in AC completely devoid of staining; in CB de Bary bubbles present only in mature spores, perispore not loosening, weakly cyanophilic.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

The species has a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found on dung of various wild and domestic animals, mainly herbivores (especially ruminant animals and rodents). In the temperate zone it is distributed in the habitats from maritime to alpine zones.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Apothecia not confluent, circular from the top view, at first globular, then flattened-turbinate and finally lenticular from the side view, sessile, evenly hyaline to creamy white or translucent pale greyish-rosy (if subjected to strong insolation), glabrous, * 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter, solitary to gregarious. Hymenium granulose due to the protrusion of living mature asci, concolorous with excipular surface, matte. Margin rounded in vertical median section, entire, smooth, not raised above hymenial plane. Outer surface smooth, concolorous with the hymenium. Subicular hyphae indistinguishable. Hymenium * 95–140 µm thick. Asci clavate with truncate apex, * 84–143 × 21.4–29.6 µm, † 89–104 × 16.4–23.3 µm, * Q = 4.1–5.6, significantly shorter and more clavate at the marginal rim, when mature * protruding above hymenium up to 26 µm, pars sporifera * 47.3–63.3 µm, 16-spored, hyaline, base attenuated, bifurcate, arising from perforated croziers, only fully mature asci with flat lentiform operculum clearly delimited prior the spore discharge, * 6.6–8 µm in diam. and * 0.6 µm thick, lateral wall 3-layered, * 0.7–0.8 µm thick, after spore discharge operculum as a rule clearly visible; in IKI inamyloid; in CR outermost wall vividly rutile-red throughout the ascal length, median layer pale rutile-yellow, innermost layer greyish; in CB cyanophobic.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Coprotus sexdecimsporus. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/coprotus-sexdecimsporus/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.