01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The thallus (lichen body) is whitish to pale fawn and forms continuous sheets that may crack into small plates; it lacks a true outer skin () so the surface looks , slightly felted or scurfy. In section it is thin (to about 0.05 mm) and largely buried in the outer bark. The photosynthetic partner is a green alga (cells roughly 12–25 × 5–22 μm), and no calcium oxalate crystals were seen. Sexual fruiting bodies (apothecia) are small rounded , about 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter, sitting level with to slightly raised above the thallus and dusted with a white, frost-like coating (). Inside, the spore layer is only moderately gelatinised; the tissue beneath it (the ) is dark brown and well developed. Ascospores are colourless (hyaline), narrowly , usually with 3–4 cross-walls (septa), and measure roughly 13.5–16.7 (to 19.0) × 4.5–5.5 (to 6.0) μm. Asexual fruiting bodies (pycnidia) are numerous and conspicuous: dark brown to black cups 0.15–0.40 mm across whose rims and "shoulders" are coated in a thick white pruina. The pore is entire to ragged, and the interior is bowl-shaped, often partitioned by thin septa; the wall is . The pycnidia produce bacilliform conidia about 4.5–6.0 × 1.0–1.5 μm. Chemically, the species shows the "byssaceum unknowns" on high-performance thin-layer chromatography; routine spot tests on the thallus, apothecia and pycnidial pruina are negative (K−, C−, KC−, Pd−). Iodine tests used by specialists show blue to red-blue reactions in the gels of the fruiting bodies, while the granular crystals in the apothecial rim dissolve in K and in Lactophenol cotton blue but not in sulphuric acid.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

In temperate Europe, Inoderma byssaceum is largely tied to the bark of old oaks and tends to occur in old-growth forests or on veteran trees in locally humid climates. The species has undergone a marked decline in recent decades and is listed on many national red lists. In 2023, it was recorded for the first time in Belgium, where it was found on the trunk of an old oak in a well-preserved mixed deciduous forest in the Lorraine district of southern Belgium. In this region the species is regarded as an indicator of long-continuity, well-preserved oak forests and is otherwise rare or very rare in neighbouring countries such as Germany, France, Great Britain and Luxembourg, absent from the Netherlands, and treated as threatened with extinction in France, so the Belgian locality is considered to merit specific protection measures. In north-eastern North America the lichen has been collected on a range of deciduous and coniferous hosts with deeply fissured or flaky bark, including Quercus species, Acer saccharum, Chamaecyparis thyoides and Thuja species, from habitats such as northern hardwood forest, cedar–red maple woods, and even a boggy stream margin. Records also exist from Hokkaido, Japan.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Sexual fruiting bodies (apothecia) are small rounded , about 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter, sitting level with to slightly raised above the thallus and dusted with a white, frost-like coating (). Inside, the spore layer is only moderately gelatinised; the tissue beneath it (the ) is dark brown and well developed. Ascospores are colourless (hyaline), narrowly , usually with 3–4 cross-walls (septa), and measure roughly 13.5–16.7 (to 19.0) × 4.5–5.5 (to 6.0) μm. Asexual fruiting bodies (pycnidia) are numerous and conspicuous: dark brown to black cups 0.15–0.40 mm across whose rims and "shoulders" are coated in a thick white pruina. The pore is entire to ragged, and the interior is bowl-shaped, often partitioned by thin septa; the wall is .

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Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Arthonia byssacea; Lecanactis biformis f. byssacea; Lecanactis byssacea; Opegrapha byssacea; Pyrenotea byssacea; Sphaeria byssacea; Thrombium byssaceum
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Inoderma byssaceum dari Wikimedia Commons. Inoderma byssaceum , a lichen indicator of well-preserved forest sites, discovered in the Rabais valley near Virton Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
Damien Ertz
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Inoderma byssaceum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1326456526
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Inoderma byssaceumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 6MW4R; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Inoderma byssaceumBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · Damien Ertz

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Inoderma byssaceum — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Inoderma byssaceum is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Arthoniaceae. It forms a thin, whitish crust on tree bark and is recognised by its conspicuous white-frosted fruiting bodies that resemble tiny cups dusted with powder. The lichen grows primarily on old oaks in humid forests across the temperate Northern Hemisphere and has declined markedly in recent decades, leading to its inclusion on numerous national red lists. Originally described in 1772 from oak bark in Germany, the lichen serves as the type species for the genus Inoderma, a genus characterised by these distinctive white- reproductive structures.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The thallus (lichen body) is whitish to pale fawn and forms continuous sheets that may crack into small plates; it lacks a true outer skin () so the surface looks , slightly felted or scurfy. In section it is thin (to about 0.05 mm) and largely buried in the outer bark. The photosynthetic partner is a green alga (cells roughly 12–25 × 5–22 μm), and no calcium oxalate crystals were seen. Sexual fruiting bodies (apothecia) are small rounded , about 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter, sitting level with to slightly raised above the thallus and dusted with a white, frost-like coating (). Inside, the spore layer is only moderately gelatinised; the tissue beneath it (the ) is dark brown and well developed. Ascospores are colourless (hyaline), narrowly , usually with 3–4 cross-walls (septa), and measure roughly 13.5–16.7 (to 19.0) × 4.5–5.5 (to 6.0) μm. Asexual fruiting bodies (pycnidia) are numerous and conspicuous: dark brown to black cups 0.15–0.40 mm across whose rims and "shoulders" are coated in a thick white pruina. The pore is entire to ragged, and the interior is bowl-shaped, often partitioned by thin septa; the wall is . The pycnidia produce bacilliform conidia about 4.5–6.0 × 1.0–1.5 μm. Chemically, the species shows the "byssaceum unknowns" on high-performance thin-layer chromatography; routine spot tests on the thallus, apothecia and pycnidial pruina are negative (K−, C−, KC−, Pd−). Iodine tests used by specialists show blue to red-blue reactions in the gels of the fruiting bodies, while the granular crystals in the apothecial rim dissolve in K and in Lactophenol cotton blue but not in sulphuric acid.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

In temperate Europe, Inoderma byssaceum is largely tied to the bark of old oaks and tends to occur in old-growth forests or on veteran trees in locally humid climates. The species has undergone a marked decline in recent decades and is listed on many national red lists. In 2023, it was recorded for the first time in Belgium, where it was found on the trunk of an old oak in a well-preserved mixed deciduous forest in the Lorraine district of southern Belgium. In this region the species is regarded as an indicator of long-continuity, well-preserved oak forests and is otherwise rare or very rare in neighbouring countries such as Germany, France, Great Britain and Luxembourg, absent from the Netherlands, and treated as threatened with extinction in France, so the Belgian locality is considered to merit specific protection measures. In north-eastern North America the lichen has been collected on a range of deciduous and coniferous hosts with deeply fissured or flaky bark, including Quercus species, Acer saccharum, Chamaecyparis thyoides and Thuja species, from habitats such as northern hardwood forest, cedar–red maple woods, and even a boggy stream margin. Records also exist from Hokkaido, Japan.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Sexual fruiting bodies (apothecia) are small rounded , about 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter, sitting level with to slightly raised above the thallus and dusted with a white, frost-like coating (). Inside, the spore layer is only moderately gelatinised; the tissue beneath it (the ) is dark brown and well developed. Ascospores are colourless (hyaline), narrowly , usually with 3–4 cross-walls (septa), and measure roughly 13.5–16.7 (to 19.0) × 4.5–5.5 (to 6.0) μm. Asexual fruiting bodies (pycnidia) are numerous and conspicuous: dark brown to black cups 0.15–0.40 mm across whose rims and "shoulders" are coated in a thick white pruina. The pore is entire to ragged, and the interior is bowl-shaped, often partitioned by thin septa; the wall is .

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Inoderma byssaceum. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/inoderma-byssaceum/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.