01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Opegrapha physciaria is a minute fungus that lives parasymbiotically on the common sunburst lichen (Xanthoria parietina). It threads its colourless hyphae through the host's tissue rather than forming a thallus of its own; the only part visible to the naked eye is its reproductive bodies. These begin life submerged in the lichen, then burst through the surface as tiny, black, non-powdery (ascomata) about 0.7 mm across. When first exposed the discs are roughly circular, but they may elongate slightly with age; several often crowd together in dense patches, while others remain solitary. A firm, continuous wall () surrounds each disc and merges below them, measuring roughly 40–45 μm in height. Inside, a clear hymenium about 65 μm tall is threaded with branched, gel-coated filaments () whose swollen brown tips form a pseudo-epithecium that roofs the spore layer. Treatment with iodine after a mild alkali wash turns the hymenium blue, indicating the presence of starch-like compounds. The asci are —built from two separable walls that pop apart to discharge the spores—and are club-shaped, 45–50 × 18 μm, each producing eight spores. Unlike many relatives they lack the dark, starch-positive ring usually seen at the ascus apex and instead possess a small, pale ocular chamber through which the spores escape. The ascospores themselves are smooth, ellipsoid and three-celled (containing two internal cross-walls), measuring 12–16 × 6–8 μm. They start out hyaline (colourless) but darken to a warm brown as minute pigment granules accumulate on the outer coat (), which is only about 1 μm thick.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Opegrapha physciaria has been recorded from Europe and North America. It is an obligate lichenicolous fungus that grows on the thallus of the widespread sunburst lichen Xanthoria parietina. Verified material shows it is most frequently encountered in oceanic or sub-Mediterranean woodlands where Xanthoria forms bright orange patches on rough bark. A recently documented Iberian population occurred at 950 m elevation in open juniper–holm-oak forest, where the host lichen coated old trunks of Juniperus oxycedrus within a community classed as Juniperion thuriferae–Quercetum rotundifoliae. Earlier collections place the species in Atlantic north-Spanish woodland on a solitary poplar (Populus sp.), and on mature deciduous or conifer bark in lowland Britain and Sweden, indicating a preference for well-lit, nutrient-enriched bark of trees that also favour Xanthoria. Although the fungus was described from the Paris area in 1827, confusion with look-alikes such as O. parasitica has long obscured its true range. Critical re-examination of herbarium specimens finds reliable nineteenth- and twentieth-century records from France (Paris, Marennes, Fontainebleau), Germany (as Celidium varium), Sweden and northern Spain.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Opegrapha physciaria is a minute fungus that lives parasymbiotically on the common sunburst lichen (Xanthoria parietina). It threads its colourless hyphae through the host's tissue rather than forming a thallus of its own; the only part visible to the naked eye is its reproductive bodies. These begin life submerged in the lichen, then burst through the surface as tiny, black, non-powdery (ascomata) about 0.7 mm across. When first exposed the discs are roughly circular, but they may elongate slightly with age; several often crowd together in dense patches, while others remain solitary. A firm, continuous wall () surrounds each disc and merges below them, measuring roughly 40–45 μm in height. Inside, a clear hymenium about 65 μm tall is threaded with branched, gel-coated filaments () whose swollen brown tips form a pseudo-epithecium that roofs the spore layer.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Arthonia varia; Buellia physciaria; Celidium varium; Lecidea physciaria; Leciographa physciaria; Phacopsis varia; Phacothecium varium
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Opegrapha physciaria dari Wikimedia Commons. Asci and ascopores of the lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus "Opegrapha physciaria" (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. & Coppins (730143), 1000x magnification, in lugol. The fungus was growing on the lichen Xanthoria parietina , which was growing on a fig tree in Cordão dunar Consolação-Peniche, Portugal. Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
zaca (Zaca Lepista)
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Opegrapha physciaria — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1340653803
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Opegrapha physciariaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 49TZZ; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Opegrapha physciariaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 3.0 · zaca (Zaca Lepista)

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Opegrapha physciaria — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Opegrapha physciaria is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus in the family Opegraphaceae. This tiny black fungus lives harmlessly within the tissues of the common sunburst lichen (Xanthoria parietina), producing small dark disc-shaped fruiting bodies that emerge from the host's surface. It is found in Europe and North America, typically growing on tree bark in woodlands where its host lichen forms bright orange patches.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Opegrapha physciaria is a minute fungus that lives parasymbiotically on the common sunburst lichen (Xanthoria parietina). It threads its colourless hyphae through the host's tissue rather than forming a thallus of its own; the only part visible to the naked eye is its reproductive bodies. These begin life submerged in the lichen, then burst through the surface as tiny, black, non-powdery (ascomata) about 0.7 mm across. When first exposed the discs are roughly circular, but they may elongate slightly with age; several often crowd together in dense patches, while others remain solitary. A firm, continuous wall () surrounds each disc and merges below them, measuring roughly 40–45 μm in height. Inside, a clear hymenium about 65 μm tall is threaded with branched, gel-coated filaments () whose swollen brown tips form a pseudo-epithecium that roofs the spore layer. Treatment with iodine after a mild alkali wash turns the hymenium blue, indicating the presence of starch-like compounds. The asci are —built from two separable walls that pop apart to discharge the spores—and are club-shaped, 45–50 × 18 μm, each producing eight spores. Unlike many relatives they lack the dark, starch-positive ring usually seen at the ascus apex and instead possess a small, pale ocular chamber through which the spores escape. The ascospores themselves are smooth, ellipsoid and three-celled (containing two internal cross-walls), measuring 12–16 × 6–8 μm. They start out hyaline (colourless) but darken to a warm brown as minute pigment granules accumulate on the outer coat (), which is only about 1 μm thick.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Opegrapha physciaria has been recorded from Europe and North America. It is an obligate lichenicolous fungus that grows on the thallus of the widespread sunburst lichen Xanthoria parietina. Verified material shows it is most frequently encountered in oceanic or sub-Mediterranean woodlands where Xanthoria forms bright orange patches on rough bark. A recently documented Iberian population occurred at 950 m elevation in open juniper–holm-oak forest, where the host lichen coated old trunks of Juniperus oxycedrus within a community classed as Juniperion thuriferae–Quercetum rotundifoliae. Earlier collections place the species in Atlantic north-Spanish woodland on a solitary poplar (Populus sp.), and on mature deciduous or conifer bark in lowland Britain and Sweden, indicating a preference for well-lit, nutrient-enriched bark of trees that also favour Xanthoria. Although the fungus was described from the Paris area in 1827, confusion with look-alikes such as O. parasitica has long obscured its true range. Critical re-examination of herbarium specimens finds reliable nineteenth- and twentieth-century records from France (Paris, Marennes, Fontainebleau), Germany (as Celidium varium), Sweden and northern Spain.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Opegrapha physciaria is a minute fungus that lives parasymbiotically on the common sunburst lichen (Xanthoria parietina). It threads its colourless hyphae through the host's tissue rather than forming a thallus of its own; the only part visible to the naked eye is its reproductive bodies. These begin life submerged in the lichen, then burst through the surface as tiny, black, non-powdery (ascomata) about 0.7 mm across. When first exposed the discs are roughly circular, but they may elongate slightly with age; several often crowd together in dense patches, while others remain solitary. A firm, continuous wall () surrounds each disc and merges below them, measuring roughly 40–45 μm in height. Inside, a clear hymenium about 65 μm tall is threaded with branched, gel-coated filaments () whose swollen brown tips form a pseudo-epithecium that roofs the spore layer.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Opegrapha physciaria. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/opegrapha-physciaria/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.