01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Parmotrema arnoldii has a pale grey thallus comprising lobes that measure 6–15 mmm wide. The thallus lacks maculae (spots or lines free of photobiont). There are soralia present on the upper surface of the tips of the lobes, which causes them to curl downwards. The lobes, especially those lacking soredia, have abundant, long cilia. The lower surface of the thallus (the subthallus) is black to brown and has a naked marginal zone (i.e. without rhizines). Secondary compounds present are atranorin, alectoronic and α-collatolic acids, sometimes accompanied also by skyrin.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Parmotrema arnoldii is widely distributed, and has been recorded from temperate locations in Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Macaronesia, and North and South America. Typically growing among mosses that associate with plants, often on old shrubs or horizontal tree branches, the lichen prefers relatively well-lit and humid undisturbed woodlands.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Parmotrema arnoldii has a pale grey thallus comprising lobes that measure 6–15 mmm wide. The thallus lacks maculae (spots or lines free of photobiont). There are soralia present on the upper surface of the tips of the lobes, which causes them to curl downwards. The lobes, especially those lacking soredia, have abundant, long cilia. The lower surface of the thallus (the subthallus) is black to brown and has a naked marginal zone (i.e. without rhizines). Secondary compounds present are atranorin, alectoronic and α-collatolic acids, sometimes accompanied also by skyrin.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Imbricaria nilgherrensis; Parmelia arnoldii; Parmelia nilgherrensis; Parmelia perlata var. nilgherrensis; Parmelia subarnoldii; Parmotrema subarnoldii
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.
  • Uraian sumber memuat penulisan satuan lama atau tidak standar. Angka dan satuannya dipertahankan apa adanya dan belum dinormalisasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Parmotrema arnoldii menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Harry Podschwit. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Harry Podschwit, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Harry Podschwit
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Parmotrema arnoldii pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Parmotrema arnoldii pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Harry Podschwit, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Harry Podschwit

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Parmotrema arnoldii — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1318493524
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Parmotrema arnoldiiBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 75RC7; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Parmotrema arnoldiiBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Harry Podschwit, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Harry Podschwit
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Parmotrema arnoldiiBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Harry Podschwit, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Harry Podschwit

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Parmotrema arnoldii — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Parmotrema arnoldii, commonly known as the powdered ruffle lichen, is a widely distributed species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has been recorded from Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Macaronesia, and North and South America.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Parmotrema arnoldii has a pale grey thallus comprising lobes that measure 6–15 mmm wide. The thallus lacks maculae (spots or lines free of photobiont). There are soralia present on the upper surface of the tips of the lobes, which causes them to curl downwards. The lobes, especially those lacking soredia, have abundant, long cilia. The lower surface of the thallus (the subthallus) is black to brown and has a naked marginal zone (i.e. without rhizines). Secondary compounds present are atranorin, alectoronic and α-collatolic acids, sometimes accompanied also by skyrin.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Parmotrema arnoldii is widely distributed, and has been recorded from temperate locations in Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Macaronesia, and North and South America. Typically growing among mosses that associate with plants, often on old shrubs or horizontal tree branches, the lichen prefers relatively well-lit and humid undisturbed woodlands.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Parmotrema arnoldii has a pale grey thallus comprising lobes that measure 6–15 mmm wide. The thallus lacks maculae (spots or lines free of photobiont). There are soralia present on the upper surface of the tips of the lobes, which causes them to curl downwards. The lobes, especially those lacking soredia, have abundant, long cilia. The lower surface of the thallus (the subthallus) is black to brown and has a naked marginal zone (i.e. without rhizines). Secondary compounds present are atranorin, alectoronic and α-collatolic acids, sometimes accompanied also by skyrin.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Parmotrema arnoldii. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/parmotrema-arnoldii/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.