Parmotrema reticulatum

Ciri dan struktur

Thallus orbicular to spreading, loosely attached, to 12 cm diam., corticolous or saxicolous. Lobes rounded to sublinear, dissected, to 8 mm wide, crowded, margins sorediate, often revolute, ciliate. Upper surface dull, greenish-blue to pale greenish-grey, maculate at lobe tips (×10 lens), with patterned cracking continuing throughout thallus, sorediate. Soralia mainly marginal, causing lobe tips to become recurved and often capitate-hooded. Medulla white, often rusty-red when wet (decomposition products of salazinic acid). Lower surface dark brown to black, with a variable, shining naked marginal zone. Rhizines central, simple or squarrosely branched, black. Apothecia rare, pedicellate, to 8 mm wide, disc deeply concave when young, becoming ± plane with age, red-brown, perforate, thalline exciple sorediate, inflexed. Ascospores 13-16 × 9-11 µm. Pycnidia minute, black, punctiform, marginal. Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow → red, C-, KC+ red, Pd+ orange. Salazinic acid and atranorin.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

Habitat dan peran ekologis

The map registering verifiable observations of Parmotrema reticulatum on the iNaturalist page for the species documents occurrences worldwide in warm to hot areas, except in tropical rainforests and arid areas. Parmotrema reticulatum usually grows on trees in open habitats, as well as rarely on rocks.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [2]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

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Substrat

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Peran atau konteks

Pembentuk liken

Reproduksi

Thallus orbicular to spreading, loosely attached, to 12 cm diam., corticolous or saxicolous. Lobes rounded to sublinear, dissected, to 8 mm wide, crowded, margins sorediate, often revolute, ciliate. Upper surface dull, greenish-blue to pale greenish-grey, maculate at lobe tips (×10 lens), with patterned cracking continuing throughout thallus, sorediate. Soralia mainly marginal, causing lobe tips to become recurved and often capitate-hooded. Medulla white, often rusty-red when wet (decomposition products of salazinic acid). Lower surface dark brown to black, with a variable, shining naked marginal zone. Rhizines central, simple or squarrosely branched, black. Apothecia rare, pedicellate, to 8 mm wide, disc deeply concave when young, becoming ± plane with age, red-brown, perforate, thalline exciple sorediate, inflexed.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Uraian digabungkan dari sumber spesies yang sama; lingkup geografis, bahan, dan kultur setiap sumber dipertahankan. Historical description as cited by BiotaNZ. Preserve explicit New Zealand/locality, host and specimen qualifiers. Distribution is the cited source scope, not a current global range. Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Parmotrema reticulatum menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Douglas Goldman. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis

Fotografi

Kredit

(c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman

Lisensi

CC BY-SA 4.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Sumber profil

1. [1] Galloway, D. J. 1985: Flora of New Zealand: Lichens. Government Printer, Wellington. — Parmotrema reticulatumBagian sumber: biota:82762755-cc7d-4cb0-8b36-4c4abd5608cb:3e783440-0164-4146-9b0f-947b967b64ee
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Galloway, D. J. 1985: Flora of New Zealand: Lichens. Government Printer, Wellington.
2. [2] Parmotrema reticulatum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1355396336
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
3. [3] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Parmotrema reticulatumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4DPZ6; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Parmotrema reticulatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman
5. [5] Dokumentasi visual — Parmotrema reticulatumBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Douglas Goldman