01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Peltigera hydrothyria is an aquatic foliose lichen forming small rosettes of variable size attached to the by one to several holdfasts. The thallus is characterized by a gelatinous, nonstratified () structure that is fully corticated. The thallus appears black when wet and slate gray when dry, with lobes 0.5 – 1 cm wide. In dry conditions, it becomes thin, papery (about 100 μm thick), and ruffled. Submerged thalli appear translucent dark green or brown, aiding underwater light absorption. The upper surface is smooth, dull, , and , while the lower surface has cylindrical veins of parallel, compact fungal hyphae that converge into a central rhizoid, anchoring the lichen to its substrate. The thallus of var. gowardii is typically dark gray when dry but takes on a purplish-brown, translucent appearance when fully submerged, giving it a texture and coloration reminiscent of seaweed. In the Pacific Northwest, western varieties (vars. gowardii and aquatica) grow as loose, ruffled clumps on submerged rocks, maximizing surface area for light capture and gas exchange in streams. In addition to rocks, occasional growth on submerged wood or aquatic plant stems, such as Darmera peltata, has also been documented. The lobes, typically medium-sized and up to 1 cm wide, exhibit pronounced veining, a characteristic feature that aids in structural integrity under submerged conditions. The cortex is , thin, hyaline, and approximately 8–10 μm thick. Under even closer microscopic examination, the internal cellular organisation reveals additional complexities. Young fungal cells contain a full complement of cellular components distributed throughout their volume, with the notable exception of specialized structures called dictyosomes.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Peltigera hydrothyria displays a distinct biogeographic pattern across North America. The nominate variety (var. hydrothyria) is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America, while var. gowardii ranges from northern California through the Pacific Northwest to southern Alaska, with isolated populations in Idaho. In the eastern United States, it has been recorded in Appalachian states and New England, though many historical records—particularly those near urbanized regions—are now considered extirpated. In Canada, P. hydrothyria s.str. occurs in small numbers of forested streams in Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, where the climate is perhumid, with year-round wetness due to precipitation exceeding evaporation and transpiration. This climatic requirement explains its patchy distribution, as suitable conditions exist along the Appalachian chain and coastal eastern Canada but not in intervening areas. Canadian populations, confirmed by genetic analysis as P. hydrothyria s.str., inhabit elevations of 68 – 723 m under birch and balsam fir canopies. Population sizes vary widely, from as few as 12 to over 484 mature individuals at a single site. In 2022, the discovery of a previously undocumented population in the Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, New Brunswick, suggested that additional suitable habitats may exist in the humid uplands of that region and adjacent Quebec.

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Habitat atau konteks temuan
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Substrat
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Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Peltigera hydrothyria forms submarginal apothecia (fruiting bodies), setting it apart from most Peltigera species with marginal apothecia. These reddish-brown structures are plane to concave. The asci are 8-spored, producing unornamented, hyaline, 3-septate spores measuring 24–33 by 6.6–7.8 μm. In immature apothecia, the margins are slightly raised and often exhibit a reddish tint, becoming more convex and darkened with age.

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Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Hydrothyria fontana; Hydrothyria venosa; Peltigera aquatica; Peltigera gowardii; Peltigera hydrothyria var. aquatica; Peltigera hydrothyria var. gowardii
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Peltigera hydrothyria dari Wikimedia Commons. (= Peltigera hydrothyria ) heart of the Smokies, Tennessee, 20110601 Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
Jason Hollinger
Lisensi
CC BY 2.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Peltigera hydrothyria — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1352544671
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Peltigera hydrothyriaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 76F7Q; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Peltigera hydrothyriaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY 2.0 · Jason Hollinger

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Peltigera hydrothyria — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Peltigera hydrothyria, commonly known as the waterfan, is a relatively rare aquatic lichen in the family Peltigeraceae, native to North America. It grows in cold, clean mountain streams, where it attaches to rocks and bedrock in shaded, riparian habitats. First described in 1856 as Hydrothyria venosa, it was initially placed in its own genus due to its distinctive gelatinous thallus and aquatic lifestyle. Molecular studies later demonstrated its affinity with the genus Peltigera, leading to its reclassification in 2000.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Peltigera hydrothyria is an aquatic foliose lichen forming small rosettes of variable size attached to the by one to several holdfasts. The thallus is characterized by a gelatinous, nonstratified () structure that is fully corticated. The thallus appears black when wet and slate gray when dry, with lobes 0.5 – 1 cm wide. In dry conditions, it becomes thin, papery (about 100 μm thick), and ruffled. Submerged thalli appear translucent dark green or brown, aiding underwater light absorption. The upper surface is smooth, dull, , and , while the lower surface has cylindrical veins of parallel, compact fungal hyphae that converge into a central rhizoid, anchoring the lichen to its substrate. The thallus of var. gowardii is typically dark gray when dry but takes on a purplish-brown, translucent appearance when fully submerged, giving it a texture and coloration reminiscent of seaweed. In the Pacific Northwest, western varieties (vars. gowardii and aquatica) grow as loose, ruffled clumps on submerged rocks, maximizing surface area for light capture and gas exchange in streams. In addition to rocks, occasional growth on submerged wood or aquatic plant stems, such as Darmera peltata, has also been documented. The lobes, typically medium-sized and up to 1 cm wide, exhibit pronounced veining, a characteristic feature that aids in structural integrity under submerged conditions. The cortex is , thin, hyaline, and approximately 8–10 μm thick. Under even closer microscopic examination, the internal cellular organisation reveals additional complexities. Young fungal cells contain a full complement of cellular components distributed throughout their volume, with the notable exception of specialized structures called dictyosomes.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Peltigera hydrothyria displays a distinct biogeographic pattern across North America. The nominate variety (var. hydrothyria) is endemic to the Appalachian Mountains in eastern North America, while var. gowardii ranges from northern California through the Pacific Northwest to southern Alaska, with isolated populations in Idaho. In the eastern United States, it has been recorded in Appalachian states and New England, though many historical records—particularly those near urbanized regions—are now considered extirpated. In Canada, P. hydrothyria s.str. occurs in small numbers of forested streams in Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, where the climate is perhumid, with year-round wetness due to precipitation exceeding evaporation and transpiration. This climatic requirement explains its patchy distribution, as suitable conditions exist along the Appalachian chain and coastal eastern Canada but not in intervening areas. Canadian populations, confirmed by genetic analysis as P. hydrothyria s.str., inhabit elevations of 68 – 723 m under birch and balsam fir canopies. Population sizes vary widely, from as few as 12 to over 484 mature individuals at a single site. In 2022, the discovery of a previously undocumented population in the Kennedy Lakes Protected Natural Area, New Brunswick, suggested that additional suitable habitats may exist in the humid uplands of that region and adjacent Quebec.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Peltigera hydrothyria forms submarginal apothecia (fruiting bodies), setting it apart from most Peltigera species with marginal apothecia. These reddish-brown structures are plane to concave. The asci are 8-spored, producing unornamented, hyaline, 3-septate spores measuring 24–33 by 6.6–7.8 μm. In immature apothecia, the margins are slightly raised and often exhibit a reddish tint, becoming more convex and darkened with age.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Peltigera hydrothyria. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/peltigera-hydrothyria/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.