Penicillium roseopurpureum

Ciri dan struktur

Mycelium superficial and immersed composed of septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae of 1.5–2.5 μm wide. Conidiophores monoverticillate, rarely biverticillate and divaricate; stipes smooth-walled, vesiculate, 22.5–103 × 1.5–2.5 μm (vesicle up to 4.5 µm); metulae divergent 2–3, unequal in length, 7–37 × 1.5–3 µm; phialides 2–5 per stipe/metula, ampulliform, 6–8.5 × 2–2.5 μm; conidia smooth- or finely roughened, globose, 2–2.5 × 2–2.5 μm. Colonies on CYA, 20–22 mm diam., slightly raised, velvety, radially sulcate, dull red (8C3) at center to light yellow (4A5) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins slightly undulate, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse brownish orange (5C6); with reddish soluble pigment. On MEA, 24–27 mm diam., slightly elevated, velvety, light yellow (4A5) and pale orange (5A2) at periphery, margins low and entire, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (27C4); reverse golden yellow (5B7) and reddish-yellow (4A6) at periphery; soluble pigment absent. On YES, 30–32 mm diam., slightly raised at center, velvety, radially sulcate, pale yellow (3A3) to white (1A1) and brownish orange (5C3) towards periphery, margins slightly undulate, sporulation abundant, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse brownish yellow (5C8); soluble pigment absent. On OA, 18–20 mm diam., flattened, velvety, dark green (28F4) to light gray (25D1) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins low and entire, sporulation abundant, conidial masses dull green (25D3); reverse brown (6E4) and yellowish gray (4B2) at periphery; soluble pigment absent.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Penicillium vaccaeorum and P. lacussarmientei, two species described from sandy soils in Spain and Chile (Quintanilla 1982; Ramírez 1986), respectively, were considered synonyms of P. roseopurpureum by Frisvad et al. (1990), noting that both species were fast growing variants of P. roseopurpureum. Later on, based on that criterion and the lack of morphological differences, Houbraken et al. (2011) considered the two former species synonyms of P. sanguifluum despite some sequence variation where P. vaccaeorum and P. lacussarmientei clustered together in a clade sister to that of P. sanguifluum. Our phylogeny correlates with Houbraken et al. (2011) who found the same topology. Having the opportunity to examine specimens from both monophyletic sister clades (Fig. 8), we observed consistent phenotypic features to distinguish them. For instance, isolates of P. vaccaeorum had longer stipes (up to 103 μm; up to 120 μm in the protologue of the species) (Quintanilla 1982), they were able to grow on CYA at 35 °C (6–11 mm diam. after 7 d), had good sporulation and faster growth on YES agar (30–32 mm diam. 7 d) and more restricted on DG18 (12–13 mm diam. 7 d). In contrast, isolates of the P. sanguifluum clade showed considerably shorter conidiophores (15–50 µm long), they were unable to grow above 30 °C, and the colonies on YES and DG18 showed sparsely or absent sporulation and attained 18–28 mm and 16–22 mm diam., respectively (Houbraken et al. 2011).

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

kultur yang didokumentasikan

Substrat

Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.

Peran atau konteks

Belum dikategorikan pada rilis ini.

Reproduksi

Mycelium superficial and immersed composed of septate, smooth-walled, hyaline hyphae of 1.5–2.5 μm wide. Conidiophores monoverticillate, rarely biverticillate and divaricate; stipes smooth-walled, vesiculate, 22.5–103 × 1.5–2.5 μm (vesicle up to 4.5 µm); metulae divergent 2–3, unequal in length, 7–37 × 1.5–3 µm; phialides 2–5 per stipe/metula, ampulliform, 6–8.5 × 2–2.5 μm; conidia smooth- or finely roughened, globose, 2–2.5 × 2–2.5 μm. Colonies on CYA, 20–22 mm diam., slightly raised, velvety, radially sulcate, dull red (8C3) at center to light yellow (4A5) and white (1A1) towards periphery, margins slightly undulate, sporulation sparse, conidial masses grayish green (28B3); reverse brownish orange (5C6); with reddish soluble pigment.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Preserve original treatment localities, hosts and substrate scope. Materials examined describe documented specimens, not the full global range.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Morphological characters of Penicillium vaccaeorum (FMR 17967). A colonies from left to right (top row) CYA, MEA, YES, and OA; (bottom row) CYA reverse, MEA reverse, DG18, and CREA B–E conidiophores on MEA F conidia. Scale Bars: 25 μm (B), 10 μm (C–F).

Jenis

Pelat ilmiah

Kredit

Daniel Torres-Garcia, Josepa Gené, Dania García

Lisensi

CC BY 4.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Sumber profil

1. [1] New and interesting species of Penicillium (Eurotiomycetes, Aspergillaceae) in freshwater sediments from Spain — Penicillium vaccaeorumBagian sumber: PMC8825427_section_69
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Torres-Garcia D, Gené J, García D.
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Penicillium roseopurpureumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 76JD4; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Penicillium vaccaeorumBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · Daniel Torres-Garcia, Josepa Gené, Dania García