Penicillium solitum

Ciri dan struktur

Furthermore, Penicillium solitum is known to be a pathogen of pomaceous fruit,P. solitum causes blue rot in pome fruits through its production of polygalacturonase, which breaks down the apple’s cell wall. Domestication in food associated fungi is often accompanied by changes in traits important for survival in natural environments. This includes reduced pigmentation, stress tolerance, and sporulation, while adding traits that are favorable for growth on human foods. A study was conducted at Jasper Hill Farm in Greensboro, which showed such changes in a population of Penicillium solitum on the rind of blue cheese over about a decade. Surveys across samples collected from 2016, 2022, and 2024, shows that Penicillium solitum remained the dominant mold throughout this period which suggests that the color shift was not due to a species replacement but due to a phenotypic change within the resident population. White strains produce significantly less melanin and fewer spores than green stains, while maintaining similar mycelial growth. Many of the mutations associated with this loss of pigmentation, like troglomorphism, were caused by insertions of transposable elements, a genomic mechanism increasingly recognized as contributing to the domestication of food associated fungi. In experiments with cheese curds, white strains outcompeted green strains in darkness but loss under light. These results suggest that reduced melanin production contributes to a fitness advantage in the dark and stable conditions of cheese caves. Cheesemakers considered white rind desirable for aesthetic and management reasons.

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Rujukan: [1]

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Habitat dan peran ekologis

P. Solitum forms dark blueish-green colonies that measure 22–28 mm in diameter on Czaek yeast extract agar, while on malt extract agar, it appears brownish orange. This distinct orange-brown color sets P. solitum apart from other similar Penicillium species, making it useful for differentiation. The fungus has been historically isolated from various sources, including cheese rinds, cured meats, and the Antarctic environment. It was specifically isolated from air-dried lamb thighs on the Faore island. Domestication in food associated fungi is often accompanied by changes in traits important for survival in natural environments. This includes reduced pigmentation, stress tolerance, and sporulation, while adding traits that are favorable for growth on human foods. A study was conducted at Jasper Hill Farm in Greensboro, which showed such changes in a population of Penicillium solitum on the rind of blue cheese over about a decade. Surveys across samples collected from 2016, 2022, and 2024, shows that Penicillium solitum remained the dominant mold throughout this period which suggests that the color shift was not due to a species replacement but due to a phenotypic change within the resident population.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

kultur yang didokumentasikan

Substrat

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Peran atau konteks

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Reproduksi

Domestication in food associated fungi is often accompanied by changes in traits important for survival in natural environments. This includes reduced pigmentation, stress tolerance, and sporulation, while adding traits that are favorable for growth on human foods. A study was conducted at Jasper Hill Farm in Greensboro, which showed such changes in a population of Penicillium solitum on the rind of blue cheese over about a decade. Surveys across samples collected from 2016, 2022, and 2024, shows that Penicillium solitum remained the dominant mold throughout this period which suggests that the color shift was not due to a species replacement but due to a phenotypic change within the resident population.

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Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

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Sumber profil

1. [1] Penicillium solitum — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1352687817
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Penicillium solitumBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 76J4P; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12