01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The thallus of Punctelia subrudecta is foliose and usually forms loosened rosettes several centimetres across. Lobes are rather narrow (mostly 2–4 mm wide), flat to slightly ridged, and display a pale grey-green colour that darkens when wet. The upper surface is smooth and lacks the shallow pits () that give P. perreticulata its look; it is also free of the frost-like bloom () that dusts the lobe tips of P. jeckeri. Minute white pores (pseudocyphellae) are scattered but never abundant. Vegetative reproduction dominates in P. subrudecta. Powdery propagules called soredia—tiny balls of algal cells wrapped in fungal threads—break through the cortex in discrete patches known as soralia. In P. subrudecta the soralia first appear along lobe edges and secondary lobes; older parts of the thallus may also develop scattered soralia, but the soredia remain fine and never coarsen into granules. The lower surface is characteristically pale off-white to light tan (never black) and bears sparse, similarly pale anchoring rhizines, a combination that helps separate the species from dark-undersided members of the genus. Microscopically the pycnidia produce (gently hook-shaped) conidia only 4–6 μm long—one of the most reliable diagnostic characters, because related North-American taxa have straight, much longer conidia. Apothecia are rare; when present they are (thallus-coloured rim) and may develop sorediate margins. The ascospores have been reported as broadly ellipsoid, 14–17 × 10–12 μm, though most populations reproduce purely by soredia. Adler and Ahti measured 25 % of their worldwide collections and found that the unciform conidia of P. subrudecta have a modal length of 4–5.5 μm (range 3.5–6.5 μm) and are sometimes intermixed with a few straight conidia, whereas lobe width spans (1–)2–4(–8) mm, overlapping completely with that of P. perreticulata; they therefore dismissed lobe width as a diagnostic trait.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Punctelia subrudecta is predominantly corticolous, forming tightly attached rosettes on the bark of trees in temperate and Mediterranean woodlands; specimens examined from the Iberian Peninsula were taken almost exclusively from trunks and branches, with only occasional collections on siliceous rock faces that mimic bark microclimates. Populations recorded in Atlantic oak forests and in the drier, eastern Mediterranean mountains show that the species tolerates a broad moisture gradient, provided atmospheric pollution remains low. Thalli from heavily trafficked coastal sites in eastern Spain show pink central necrosis and marginal bleaching, symptoms the authors link to chronic oxidant and nitrogen pollution. Polish herbarium data show the species colonises a wide range of phorophytes, most frequently oak (Quercus, 26 % of records) but also alder (Alnus, 13 %), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior, 11 %), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata, 11 %), willow (Salix, 10 %) and a suite of other broad-leaved hosts; rare saxicolous thalli have even been found on wood and concrete. Sequence-verified collections confirm an essentially Old-World range stretching from Fennoscandia south to the Mediterranean, eastwards into Kenya and at least parts of China and Australasia; records from the Americas are now considered misidentifications.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
kayu
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Vegetative reproduction dominates in P. subrudecta. Powdery propagules called soredia—tiny balls of algal cells wrapped in fungal threads—break through the cortex in discrete patches known as soralia. In P. subrudecta the soralia first appear along lobe edges and secondary lobes; older parts of the thallus may also develop scattered soralia, but the soredia remain fine and never coarsen into granules. The lower surface is characteristically pale off-white to light tan (never black) and bears sparse, similarly pale anchoring rhizines, a combination that helps separate the species from dark-undersided members of the genus. Microscopically the pycnidia produce (gently hook-shaped) conidia only 4–6 μm long—one of the most reliable diagnostic characters, because related North-American taxa have straight, much longer conidia.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Parmelia borreri var. subrudecta; Parmelia dubia var. foliosa; Parmelia subrudecta
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Punctelia subrudecta dari Wikimedia Commons. Punctelia subrudecta Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
Björn S...
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Punctelia subrudecta — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1312974044
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Punctelia subrudectaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4QHNZ; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Punctelia subrudectaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 2.0 · Björn S...

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Punctelia subrudecta — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Punctelia subrudecta is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Originally described in 1886 as Parmelia subrudecta, it was transferred to the genus Punctelia in 1982. For much of the twentieth century, North American specimens were misidentified as this species, until molecular phylogenetics studies in 2010 revealed that they represented three distinct species, restricting the true P. subrudecta to Old World populations. The lichen forms loosely attached rosettes with narrow, pale grey-green and is distinguished by its pale underside, fine powdery reproductive structures (soredia), and distinctive hook-shaped conidia.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The thallus of Punctelia subrudecta is foliose and usually forms loosened rosettes several centimetres across. Lobes are rather narrow (mostly 2–4 mm wide), flat to slightly ridged, and display a pale grey-green colour that darkens when wet. The upper surface is smooth and lacks the shallow pits () that give P. perreticulata its look; it is also free of the frost-like bloom () that dusts the lobe tips of P. jeckeri. Minute white pores (pseudocyphellae) are scattered but never abundant. Vegetative reproduction dominates in P. subrudecta. Powdery propagules called soredia—tiny balls of algal cells wrapped in fungal threads—break through the cortex in discrete patches known as soralia. In P. subrudecta the soralia first appear along lobe edges and secondary lobes; older parts of the thallus may also develop scattered soralia, but the soredia remain fine and never coarsen into granules. The lower surface is characteristically pale off-white to light tan (never black) and bears sparse, similarly pale anchoring rhizines, a combination that helps separate the species from dark-undersided members of the genus. Microscopically the pycnidia produce (gently hook-shaped) conidia only 4–6 μm long—one of the most reliable diagnostic characters, because related North-American taxa have straight, much longer conidia. Apothecia are rare; when present they are (thallus-coloured rim) and may develop sorediate margins. The ascospores have been reported as broadly ellipsoid, 14–17 × 10–12 μm, though most populations reproduce purely by soredia. Adler and Ahti measured 25 % of their worldwide collections and found that the unciform conidia of P. subrudecta have a modal length of 4–5.5 μm (range 3.5–6.5 μm) and are sometimes intermixed with a few straight conidia, whereas lobe width spans (1–)2–4(–8) mm, overlapping completely with that of P. perreticulata; they therefore dismissed lobe width as a diagnostic trait.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

Punctelia subrudecta is predominantly corticolous, forming tightly attached rosettes on the bark of trees in temperate and Mediterranean woodlands; specimens examined from the Iberian Peninsula were taken almost exclusively from trunks and branches, with only occasional collections on siliceous rock faces that mimic bark microclimates. Populations recorded in Atlantic oak forests and in the drier, eastern Mediterranean mountains show that the species tolerates a broad moisture gradient, provided atmospheric pollution remains low. Thalli from heavily trafficked coastal sites in eastern Spain show pink central necrosis and marginal bleaching, symptoms the authors link to chronic oxidant and nitrogen pollution. Polish herbarium data show the species colonises a wide range of phorophytes, most frequently oak (Quercus, 26 % of records) but also alder (Alnus, 13 %), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior, 11 %), small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata, 11 %), willow (Salix, 10 %) and a suite of other broad-leaved hosts; rare saxicolous thalli have even been found on wood and concrete. Sequence-verified collections confirm an essentially Old-World range stretching from Fennoscandia south to the Mediterranean, eastwards into Kenya and at least parts of China and Australasia; records from the Americas are now considered misidentifications.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Vegetative reproduction dominates in P. subrudecta. Powdery propagules called soredia—tiny balls of algal cells wrapped in fungal threads—break through the cortex in discrete patches known as soralia. In P. subrudecta the soralia first appear along lobe edges and secondary lobes; older parts of the thallus may also develop scattered soralia, but the soredia remain fine and never coarsen into granules. The lower surface is characteristically pale off-white to light tan (never black) and bears sparse, similarly pale anchoring rhizines, a combination that helps separate the species from dark-undersided members of the genus. Microscopically the pycnidia produce (gently hook-shaped) conidia only 4–6 μm long—one of the most reliable diagnostic characters, because related North-American taxa have straight, much longer conidia.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Punctelia subrudecta. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/punctelia-subrudecta/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.