Ramalina darwiniana

Ciri dan struktur

Ramalina darwiniana has a shrubby, greenish-grey thallus that can grow up to 15 cm in diameter, although most individuals are typically smaller, ranging between 3 and 7 cm. Its branches start off erect but become pendulous as the lichen ages. These branches are distinctly grooved and can vary from broadly crescent-shaped to somewhat flattened in cross-section. In some cases, the branches curve along their length, with their tips curling backward in a characteristic "shepherd's crook" appearance. The margins of the are adorned with irregular warts, from which small, dot-like structures called pseudocyphellae may develop. Unlike some other Ramalina species, R. darwiniana lacks soralia (specialised structures that produce powdery reproductive propagules). The species is known for its distinctive lobes, which can occasionally fuse (anastomose), forming small, oval holes within the thallus. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are quite common in this species. These structures measure between 2 and 7 mm in diameter and are often cup-shaped, located either along the edges or at the ends of the branches. The apothecia are generally pinkish-grey to yellowish in colour. The , produced within the apothecia, are elongated and slightly curved, measuring around 10–12 by 4–5 μm. In addition to apothecia, R. darwiniana has small, spherical pycnidia (structures that produce asexual spores), which are found along the margins of the branches. In terms of chemical properties, the medulla (inner layer) of the lichen reacts positively to potassium hydroxide solution (K+), turning orange-yellow and then red, indicating the presence of salazinic acid.

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Rujukan: [1]

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Habitat dan peran ekologis

Ramalina darwiniana is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, where it is found primarily in the coastal and arid zones. It typically grows on the bark and twigs of shrubs and trees, particularly in dry forests and open shrublands that are characteristic of the scrubland mosaic ecosystem. The lichen is corticolous (growing on bark) or lignicolous (growing on wood), though it has occasionally been observed on rocks (saxicolous) in some areas. The species thrives in exposed, sunny environments, often subjected to wind and rain. It can be found at low elevations, typically between 1 and 250 metres above sea level, across various islands, including Santa Cruz, Santiago, Isabela, and Española. Common host trees for R. darwiniana include Bursera graveolens, Castela galapageia, and Acacia rorudiana. R. darwiniana is well adapted to the harsh conditions of the Galápagos, particularly in areas with sparse vegetation, basalt outcrops, and dry conditions. It is often abundant in these habitats, covering twigs and branches in areas where other lichen species are also found.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

hutan

Substrat

kayu; kulit kayu

Peran atau konteks

Pembentuk liken

Reproduksi

The margins of the are adorned with irregular warts, from which small, dot-like structures called pseudocyphellae may develop. Unlike some other Ramalina species, R. darwiniana lacks soralia (specialised structures that produce powdery reproductive propagules). The species is known for its distinctive lobes, which can occasionally fuse (anastomose), forming small, oval holes within the thallus. Apothecia (fruiting bodies) are quite common in this species. These structures measure between 2 and 7 mm in diameter and are often cup-shaped, located either along the edges or at the ends of the branches. The apothecia are generally pinkish-grey to yellowish in colour. The , produced within the apothecia, are elongated and slightly curved, measuring around 10–12 by 4–5 μm.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Ramalina darwiniana dari Wikimedia Commons. (endemic species) on branches, Fondeadero, Santa Fe Island, Galápagos, 20130131-18 Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis

Fotografi

Kredit

Jason Hollinger

Lisensi

CC BY 2.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Sumber profil

1. [1] Ramalina darwiniana — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1338939204
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Ramalina darwinianaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4RBFD; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Ramalina darwinianaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Media sumber: CC BY 2.0 · Jason Hollinger