01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

Usnea florida is a shrubby (), upright lichen typically growing to heights between 2 and 5 cm, though occasionally reaching up to 10 cm. It often forms compact, bush-like clusters. The main branches of its thallus—the vegetative body of the lichen—are relatively slender, about 1 mm in diameter, and are frequently curved or irregularly twisted. These branches may show subtle, ring-like markings known as annulations. The thinner secondary branches are often distinctly contorted, giving the lichen a tangled appearance. The overall colour of the thallus is a grey-green shade, gradually darkening to black near its base. Covering the primary branches are numerous tiny projections called , which are short and densely packed, giving a slightly roughened texture. Additionally, longer, hair-like structures called extend outward from the branches. These fibrils typically reach lengths up to 1 cm and usually emerge at right angles from the branches before becoming gently curved or curled, enhancing the tufted appearance of the species. Reproductive structures, known as apothecia, commonly appear at the tips of the main and larger side branches. These apothecia are initially concave measuring from 0.5 to 1 cm across, later flattening as they mature. The surfaces of these reproductive discs can range from smooth to somewhat wrinkled. Prominently surrounding each disc are numerous slender, fibril-like extensions, often branching themselves, and growing up to 5 mm long, giving a fringed look to the apothecia. Microscopically, the spores (ascospores) of Usnea florida are oval or ellipsoid, typically measuring from 8.5 to 11 micrometres (μm) long and 5.5 to 7 wide.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

In the United Kingdom, Usnea florida predominantly colonises smaller branches and twigs in the upper canopy of broad-leaved trees, rarely appearing on trunks. Occasionally, this lichen establishes itself on shrubs, wooden fences, or fence-posts. It thrives particularly in open, light-abundant environments. While locally common in certain regions, populations are experiencing decline, potentially due to elevated atmospheric ammonia concentrations. Its geographical range centres mainly on southern and western Britain, with isolated occurrences in southern Scotland, where it is considered scarce. Studies have confirmed the presence of Usnea florida in the Polish Eastern Carpathians within the Bieszczady National Park, where it grows epiphytically (on tree bark) at elevations ranging from 800 to 880 metres. Although historically reported from additional localities nearby, these older records were not rediscovered in modern surveys. In Italy, U. florida is adapted to cooler climates, typically inhabiting mountain forests that experience frequent fog. It primarily grows on small branches and twigs, thriving particularly well in the upper montane and subalpine zones. Its Italian distribution stretches widely, ranging from the Alps in the north all the way down through the peninsula to the mountainous regions of Sicily.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

Reproductive structures, known as apothecia, commonly appear at the tips of the main and larger side branches. These apothecia are initially concave measuring from 0.5 to 1 cm across, later flattening as they mature. The surfaces of these reproductive discs can range from smooth to somewhat wrinkled. Prominently surrounding each disc are numerous slender, fibril-like extensions, often branching themselves, and growing up to 5 mm long, giving a fringed look to the apothecia. Microscopically, the spores (ascospores) of Usnea florida are oval or ellipsoid, typically measuring from 8.5 to 11 micrometres (μm) long and 5.5 to 7 wide. Chemically, the medulla—the innermost layer of tissue within the thallus—responds distinctively to certain chemical spot test reagents, turning yellow when potassium hydroxide solution (K) is applied, and orange with p-phenylenediamine (Pd).

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Sinonim menurut acuan taksonomi rilis: Lichen floridus; Parmelia barbata f. florida; Parmelia florida; Usnea barbata f. florida; Usnea barbata subsp. florida; Usnea barbata subvar. florida; Usnea barbata var. florida; Usnea plicata var. florida
04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Usnea florida menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Nicola van Berkel. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Nicola van Berkel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Nicola van Berkel
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Usnea florida — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1367484680
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Usnea floridaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID TWV46; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Usnea floridaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Media sumber: CC BY-SA 4.0 · (c) Nicola van Berkel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), uploaded by Nicola van Berkel

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Usnea florida — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Usnea florida is a species of beard lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 and later reclassified by Friedrich Heinrich Wiggers in 1780, it is a shrubby, upright lichen growing 2–10 cm tall with slender, curved branches covered in and , and distinctive -shaped reproductive structures (apothecia) surrounded by branching filaments. Its development progresses through eleven distinct states across four main periods, beginning with the union of fungal spores and compatible algae to form a , followed by branching processes that create its characteristic bushy structure, and eventually producing reproductive apothecia in its generative stages.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

Usnea florida is a shrubby (), upright lichen typically growing to heights between 2 and 5 cm, though occasionally reaching up to 10 cm. It often forms compact, bush-like clusters. The main branches of its thallus—the vegetative body of the lichen—are relatively slender, about 1 mm in diameter, and are frequently curved or irregularly twisted. These branches may show subtle, ring-like markings known as annulations. The thinner secondary branches are often distinctly contorted, giving the lichen a tangled appearance. The overall colour of the thallus is a grey-green shade, gradually darkening to black near its base. Covering the primary branches are numerous tiny projections called , which are short and densely packed, giving a slightly roughened texture. Additionally, longer, hair-like structures called extend outward from the branches. These fibrils typically reach lengths up to 1 cm and usually emerge at right angles from the branches before becoming gently curved or curled, enhancing the tufted appearance of the species. Reproductive structures, known as apothecia, commonly appear at the tips of the main and larger side branches. These apothecia are initially concave measuring from 0.5 to 1 cm across, later flattening as they mature. The surfaces of these reproductive discs can range from smooth to somewhat wrinkled. Prominently surrounding each disc are numerous slender, fibril-like extensions, often branching themselves, and growing up to 5 mm long, giving a fringed look to the apothecia. Microscopically, the spores (ascospores) of Usnea florida are oval or ellipsoid, typically measuring from 8.5 to 11 micrometres (μm) long and 5.5 to 7 wide.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

In the United Kingdom, Usnea florida predominantly colonises smaller branches and twigs in the upper canopy of broad-leaved trees, rarely appearing on trunks. Occasionally, this lichen establishes itself on shrubs, wooden fences, or fence-posts. It thrives particularly in open, light-abundant environments. While locally common in certain regions, populations are experiencing decline, potentially due to elevated atmospheric ammonia concentrations. Its geographical range centres mainly on southern and western Britain, with isolated occurrences in southern Scotland, where it is considered scarce. Studies have confirmed the presence of Usnea florida in the Polish Eastern Carpathians within the Bieszczady National Park, where it grows epiphytically (on tree bark) at elevations ranging from 800 to 880 metres. Although historically reported from additional localities nearby, these older records were not rediscovered in modern surveys. In Italy, U. florida is adapted to cooler climates, typically inhabiting mountain forests that experience frequent fog. It primarily grows on small branches and twigs, thriving particularly well in the upper montane and subalpine zones. Its Italian distribution stretches widely, ranging from the Alps in the north all the way down through the peninsula to the mountainous regions of Sicily.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

Reproductive structures, known as apothecia, commonly appear at the tips of the main and larger side branches. These apothecia are initially concave measuring from 0.5 to 1 cm across, later flattening as they mature. The surfaces of these reproductive discs can range from smooth to somewhat wrinkled. Prominently surrounding each disc are numerous slender, fibril-like extensions, often branching themselves, and growing up to 5 mm long, giving a fringed look to the apothecia. Microscopically, the spores (ascospores) of Usnea florida are oval or ellipsoid, typically measuring from 8.5 to 11 micrometres (μm) long and 5.5 to 7 wide. Chemically, the medulla—the innermost layer of tissue within the thallus—responds distinctively to certain chemical spot test reagents, turning yellow when potassium hydroxide solution (K) is applied, and orange with p-phenylenediamine (Pd).

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Usnea florida. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/usnea-florida/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.