01 / Morfologi

Ciri dan struktur

The thallus is mainly embedded in the outer bark (), grey-white to pale fawn, and forms circular to elliptic patches at least 6×3 cm, each bounded by a dark brown hypothalline line. In microscopic preparations the hyphae stain blue with iodine. Standard spot tests on the thallus are negative (K−, C−, KC−, PD−, UV−). The apothecia are numerous and often crowded, forming elongated, slit-like structures () that are usually irregularly star-shaped (), only occasionally neatly stellate, and reaching up to 12 mm across in the largest aggregates. The individual "arms" are narrow (about 0.08–0.16 mm wide) and pale to dark reddish-brown, without . Microscopically, the apothecia are 80–130 μm tall. The is reddish-brown and turns olivaceous with K, while the hymenium is hyaline and iodine-positive (I+ blue). The asci are and eight-spored, with only a minute amyloid ring at the apex, and the ascospores are typically 17–24×6–8 μm, 3–4-septate, and macrocephalic (with the upper cell larger than the lower). North American collections have been reported with slightly smaller spores, about 15–22 × 5–7 μm, while retaining the same general spore form and chemistry. Spores are hyaline and smooth when young, but older spores develop brown, granular warting. Pycnidia have not been observed. The species is lichenized with the green alga Trentepohlia as its photobiont. Chemically, the diagnostic feature is gyrophoric acid confined to the apothecia, detectable as a C+ (red) reaction in apothecial sections.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

02 / Kehidupan

Habitat dan peran ekologis

In Britain, Arthonia anglica has been found on the bark of mature trees in long-established woodland, recorded from trunks or main branches of beech (Fagus) and holly (Ilex). The few known gatherings include material from southern England, with a modern collection reported from North Devon on holly in cliff woodland, and an older record from the New Forest area on holly. In Spain, A. anglica has been reported from Galicia, where it was collected on Alnus glutinosa and represents the first record for the Iberian Peninsula. The only earlier Spanish report was from La Gomera in the Canary Islands. In eastern North America, A. anglica has been recorded mainly from humid, mesic hardwood forests, especially in streamside woodlands in the Ozark region. It has been collected on the bark of hardwoods including maple (Acer) and hornbeam (Carpinus), and has also been found at middle to low elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains as well as in the coastal plain and piedmont of the southeastern United States. It has also been recorded in Virginia and Wisconsin. The species appears to have a very southern British distribution and has so far been confirmed from only a small number of collections.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan
hutan
Substrat
Informasi belum tersedia pada sumber rilis ini.
Peran atau konteks
Pembentuk liken
Temukan hubungan serupa
03 / Siklus hidup

Reproduksi

The apothecia are numerous and often crowded, forming elongated, slit-like structures () that are usually irregularly star-shaped (), only occasionally neatly stellate, and reaching up to 12 mm across in the largest aggregates. The individual "arms" are narrow (about 0.08–0.16 mm wide) and pale to dark reddish-brown, without . Microscopically, the apothecia are 80–130 μm tall. The is reddish-brown and turns olivaceous with K, while the hymenium is hyaline and iodine-positive (I+ blue). The asci are and eight-spored, with only a minute amyloid ring at the apex, and the ascospores are typically 17–24×6–8 μm, 3–4-septate, and macrocephalic (with the upper cell larger than the lower). North American collections have been reported with slightly smaller spores, about 15–22 × 5–7 μm, while retaining the same general spore form and chemistry.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

04 / Batas informasi

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

  • Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
  • Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
  • Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
  • Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Catatan distribusi dalam narasi mengikuti sumbernya. Dokumentasi spesimen atau foto mengikuti catatan sumber. Bukti wilayah Indonesia dan penilaian konservasi tidak disimpulkan dari gambar.

05 / Dokumentasi

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Arthonia anglica menurut asosiasi foto pada record takson iNaturalist. Kredit: Michael J. Papay. Identitas mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Jenis
Fotografi
Kredit
(c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY)
Lisensi
CC BY 4.0
Sumber media
Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Dokumentasi tambahan

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Arthonia anglica pada iNaturalist

Foto yang diasosiasikan dengan Arthonia anglica pada iNaturalist. Identifikasi mengikuti sumber; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.

Fotografi · Sumber gambar · CC BY 4.0

Kredit dan penggunaan

(c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY)

Ukuran dan format gambar disesuaikan tanpa pemotongan, retus, atau penambahan skala. Lisensi sumber dipertahankan.

06 / Rujukan

Sumber profil

  1. [1] Arthonia anglica — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1378834494
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
    Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
  2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Arthonia anglicaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID GXDZ; accepted species; source 2073
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
  3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Arthonia anglicaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Media sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY)
  4. [4] Dokumentasi visual — Arthonia anglicaBagian sumber: Identitas mengikuti sumber dokumentasi; bukan penentuan spesimen independen.
    Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-17
    Teks sumber: CC BY 4.0 · (c) Michael J. Papay, some rights reserved (CC BY)

Adaptasi teks: CC BY-SA 4.0. Wikipedia contributors — Arthonia anglica — Wikipedia (en)

Uraian asli dan riwayat sumber

Riwayat atau halaman sumber

Ringkasan sumber

Arthonia anglica is a species of lichen-forming fungus in the family Arthoniaceae. The lichen forms grey-white to pale fawn patches on tree bark, bounded by a dark brown line, and is mostly embedded within the outer bark layer. Its reproductive structures are numerous star-shaped to irregularly star-shaped features that are pale to dark reddish-brown and can reach up to 12 mm across in the largest groupings. The species occurs on mature hardwood trees in long-established woodlands, recorded from beech and holly in Britain, and from various hardwoods including maple and hornbeam in eastern North America.

Revisi sumber

Morfologi sumber

The thallus is mainly embedded in the outer bark (), grey-white to pale fawn, and forms circular to elliptic patches at least 6×3 cm, each bounded by a dark brown hypothalline line. In microscopic preparations the hyphae stain blue with iodine. Standard spot tests on the thallus are negative (K−, C−, KC−, PD−, UV−). The apothecia are numerous and often crowded, forming elongated, slit-like structures () that are usually irregularly star-shaped (), only occasionally neatly stellate, and reaching up to 12 mm across in the largest aggregates. The individual "arms" are narrow (about 0.08–0.16 mm wide) and pale to dark reddish-brown, without . Microscopically, the apothecia are 80–130 μm tall. The is reddish-brown and turns olivaceous with K, while the hymenium is hyaline and iodine-positive (I+ blue). The asci are and eight-spored, with only a minute amyloid ring at the apex, and the ascospores are typically 17–24×6–8 μm, 3–4-septate, and macrocephalic (with the upper cell larger than the lower). North American collections have been reported with slightly smaller spores, about 15–22 × 5–7 μm, while retaining the same general spore form and chemistry. Spores are hyaline and smooth when young, but older spores develop brown, granular warting. Pycnidia have not been observed. The species is lichenized with the green alga Trentepohlia as its photobiont. Chemically, the diagnostic feature is gyrophoric acid confined to the apothecia, detectable as a C+ (red) reaction in apothecial sections.

Revisi sumber

Ekologi sumber

In Britain, Arthonia anglica has been found on the bark of mature trees in long-established woodland, recorded from trunks or main branches of beech (Fagus) and holly (Ilex). The few known gatherings include material from southern England, with a modern collection reported from North Devon on holly in cliff woodland, and an older record from the New Forest area on holly. In Spain, A. anglica has been reported from Galicia, where it was collected on Alnus glutinosa and represents the first record for the Iberian Peninsula. The only earlier Spanish report was from La Gomera in the Canary Islands. In eastern North America, A. anglica has been recorded mainly from humid, mesic hardwood forests, especially in streamside woodlands in the Ozark region. It has been collected on the bark of hardwoods including maple (Acer) and hornbeam (Carpinus), and has also been found at middle to low elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains as well as in the coastal plain and piedmont of the southeastern United States. It has also been recorded in Virginia and Wisconsin. The species appears to have a very southern British distribution and has so far been confirmed from only a small number of collections.

Revisi sumber

Struktur reproduksi sumber

The apothecia are numerous and often crowded, forming elongated, slit-like structures () that are usually irregularly star-shaped (), only occasionally neatly stellate, and reaching up to 12 mm across in the largest aggregates. The individual "arms" are narrow (about 0.08–0.16 mm wide) and pale to dark reddish-brown, without . Microscopically, the apothecia are 80–130 μm tall. The is reddish-brown and turns olivaceous with K, while the hymenium is hyaline and iodine-positive (I+ blue). The asci are and eight-spored, with only a minute amyloid ring at the apex, and the ascospores are typically 17–24×6–8 μm, 3–4-septate, and macrocephalic (with the upper cell larger than the lower). North American collections have been reported with slightly smaller spores, about 15–22 × 5–7 μm, while retaining the same general spore form and chemistry.

Revisi sumber

Rujukan halaman ini

Fungi. Arthonia anglica. Rilis data fungi-2026-10-12-expansion-2. https://fungi-atlas.mgadib.chatgpt.site/jamur/arthonia-anglica/.

Status: impor sumber; pemeriksaan editorial per profil belum selesai. Untuk klaim biologis, gunakan rujukan pada bagian terkait dan periksa konteks sumber aslinya.