Arthonia ilicinella

Ciri dan struktur

Arthonia ilicinella is a crustose lichen with a thallus (the main body of the lichen) is immersed within its substrate rather than sitting prominently on the surface. The thallus appears either as a diffuse growth or with defined boundaries marked by a brown line, and is coloured white-grey to cream-white. The reproductive structures (apothecia) measure between 0.1–0.6 mm in diameter, though some may be elongated, reaching about 0.8 mm long by 0.15–0.3 mm wide. These structures are irregularly rounded, relatively flat, and black in colour without any powdery coating (). The apothecia are 80–95 micrometres (μm) tall. Internally, the lichen has a layered structure: the (upper layer) is red-brown and turns pale green when exposed to potassium hydroxide solution (K); the hymenium (fertile layer where spores are produced) measures 40–60 μm in height, is pale red-brown, and also turns pale green with K; the hypothecium (layer beneath the hymenium) is 10–25 μm tall and matches the colour of the hymenium. The (sterile filaments between spore-producing cells) are about 1 μm in diameter, with brown-walled and slightly thicker (1.5–2 μm) structures in the , occasionally showing caps at their tips. The (reproductive spores) typically measure 18–23 by 7–9 μm and have a cylindrical to egg-shaped form with 3 or 4 (occasionally 5) cross-walls or septa, with enlarged cells at the tips. Older spores turn brown and have a surface that is smooth or very slightly textured when viewed at high magnification (1000×). Small asexual reproductive structures (pycnidia are often present but usually few in number, measuring 60–80 μm in diameter.

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Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Arthonia ilicinella has a wide global distribution, occurring across multiple continents. In Europe, it is found in Germany, Ireland, Portugal (including the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean), Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The species also appears in South America, specifically in Argentina and Chile, and extends to Asia where it has been documented in South Korea. In the British Isles, Arthonia ilicinella serves as an ecological indicator species, commonly used by researchers and conservationists when conducting environmental assessments. In Scotland, it has been noted as one of the benchmark "old-growth" indicator species that had undergone the most significant decline over a five-decade period. In 2016, it was reported from South Korea.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

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Substrat

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Peran atau konteks

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Reproduksi

Arthonia ilicinella is a crustose lichen with a thallus (the main body of the lichen) is immersed within its substrate rather than sitting prominently on the surface. The thallus appears either as a diffuse growth or with defined boundaries marked by a brown line, and is coloured white-grey to cream-white. The reproductive structures (apothecia) measure between 0.1–0.6 mm in diameter, though some may be elongated, reaching about 0.8 mm long by 0.15–0.3 mm wide. These structures are irregularly rounded, relatively flat, and black in colour without any powdery coating (). The apothecia are 80–95 micrometres (μm) tall. Internally, the lichen has a layered structure: the (upper layer) is red-brown and turns pale green when exposed to potassium hydroxide solution (K); the hymenium (fertile layer where spores are produced) measures 40–60 μm in height, is pale red-brown, and also turns pale green with K; the hypothecium (layer beneath the hymenium) is 10–25 μm tall and matches the colour of the hymenium.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Ilustrasi skematis garis luar spora (varian ovoid) Arthonia ilicinella, berdasarkan uraian sumber; ukuran yang dilaporkan 18–23 × 7–9 µm. Proporsi disederhanakan, bukan salinan satu spesimen. Ornamen permukaan, warna, sekat, dan isi sel tidak direkonstruksi. Varian spora berbentuk telur, 18–23 × 7–9 µm. Pembesaran sel ujung serta 3–4 atau kadang 5 sekat tidak direkonstruksi. Ornamen, warna, sekat, dan isi sel tidak digambar. Skema edukasi, bukan alat identifikasi.

Jenis

Ilustrasi skematis

Kredit

Fungi, ilustrasi orisinal (2026); fakta morfologi berdasarkan Wikipedia contributors

Lisensi

CC BY-SA 4.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Sumber profil

1. [1] Arthonia ilicinella — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1293515402
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Media sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Arthonia ilicinellaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID GXHB; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12