Petriella setifera

Ciri dan struktur

All species in the genus Petriella have a Graphium state, characterized by dark synnemata and round, single-celled spores in the mucus. Dimorphic pore openings produce condia to form mucoid balls at the synnemata apex, which is similarly found in Lectographium lundbergii. The spores are sexual, non-motile conidiophores. The perithecium in which the sexual spores are borne is pale to dark brown colour, 75-125μm in diameter with scattered hairs along the neck. It is thought that expression of the slime-spored Graphium may be induced by certain environmental conditions. In the laboratory, asymmetric ascospores were found at room temperature when the fungus was grown on a PDA plate. Clusters of brown-grey chlamydospores have been isolated on the agar. These spores were only found in P. boulangeri previously, but it is believed P. setifera developed chlamydospores to survive in the soil. The asymmetrical ascospore convex and marked germinal pores are unique to P. setifera. The Graphium stage has been associated with fungal reproduction, while the Sporotrichum state has the largest growth and branching. Hyphae are found to form many condia near the apical end during the Sporotrichum stage. CMCase which is also known as cellulase, can be produced by P. setifera optimally at 55 °C and a pH 6.0. The fungus is stable between pH 5.0-8.0 and at temperatures below 45 °C. In-vitro CMCase production has been linked to increased Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA and Mn2+ levels in the agar and a severe decrease in Fe2+, Pb2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Fe3+ and Cu2+.

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Rujukan: [1]

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Habitat dan peran ekologis

Petriella setifera was originally found on horse feces in 1912, but has since been linked to decayed wood, compost and maize field soil. It is most commonly found in soil and feces, but also common in wood or plant debris when in Graphium state. The discovery of P. setifera on rock hyrax dung was the first case of the fungus in Kenya. It has not been linked to this species prior. There are multiple reports of P. setifera found in unique environments including a human nail and bathroom jar, but these may be due to cross-contamination. One study found P. setifera in wood litter of chicken houses with a history of fungal infestations. Growth of the fungus was independent of ventilation and amount of light. There may be an association with ammonia, as the fungus was found in chicken fertilized soil but not in mineral fertilized. There was also a case of the fungus found in black pepper and mustard seedling rot. Researchers believe the fungus diverged from the genus Ceratocystis. The habitat P. setifera thrives in is difficult to isolate due to the environments it has been found in. The fungus has been recorded in multiple regions across continents. Regions of Canada, coastal Asia, Northern and Central Europe have frequent reports of the fungus.

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Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

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Substrat

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Peran atau konteks

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Reproduksi

All species in the genus Petriella have a Graphium state, characterized by dark synnemata and round, single-celled spores in the mucus. Dimorphic pore openings produce condia to form mucoid balls at the synnemata apex, which is similarly found in Lectographium lundbergii. The spores are sexual, non-motile conidiophores. The perithecium in which the sexual spores are borne is pale to dark brown colour, 75-125μm in diameter with scattered hairs along the neck. It is thought that expression of the slime-spored Graphium may be induced by certain environmental conditions. In the laboratory, asymmetric ascospores were found at room temperature when the fungus was grown on a PDA plate. Clusters of brown-grey chlamydospores have been isolated on the agar.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

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Sumber profil

1. [1] Petriella setifera — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1328348784
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Petriella setiferaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 6V6QM; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12