Punctelia reddenda

Ciri dan struktur

The lichen has an upper thallus surface that is grey, and covered with bright soredia. The lower surface of the thallus is black. The thallus diameter is typically 5.0 – 7.5 cm broad, comprising irregularly branched and laterally overlapping lobes that are 1.0 – 5.5 mm wide with rounded tips. Point-like, conspicuous (i.e., readily visible) pseudocyphellae are abundant on the surface. Also abundant are coarse, granular soredia. The medulla is white. The cortex is K+ (yellow), indicating the presence of atranorin, while the medulla is negative for all lichen spot tests. A chemical analysis of Brazilian specimens using thin layer chromatography revealed the known compounds praesorediosic acid, protopraesorediosic acid, and protolichesterinic acid as well as an unidentified fatty acid. The North American species Punctelia appalachensis is similar in appearance to P. reddenda, with a black thallus undersurface and negative medullary spot test reactions. However, it is distinguishable from P. reddenda because rather than soredia, it has abundant laminal and marginal (growths of the upper cortex or thallus margin, usually with a constricted base, that fall away as propagules).

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Pengukuran mengikuti objek, spesimen atau kultur, dan metode yang disebutkan sumber. Baca uraian asli untuk konteks lengkap.

Habitat dan peran ekologis

Punctelia reddenda grows on bark, but has also been recorded growing on rock. An older (1974) source considered its European distribution to be more or less limited to coastal areas ranging from southern Sweden to Brittany. A 2008 survey of parmelioid lichens in Europe indicated its presence in Germany, Spain, France, Greece, Ireland, and Madeira, also noting that it was extinct in Sweden. In North America, its centre of distribution is the Appalachian Mountains. In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, it is only found at elevations greater than 5000 ft, in hardwood or spruce forests in the mountains. In South America, it occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Venezuela. It is also found in South Africa and Macaronesia.

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Habitat atau konteks temuan

hutan

Substrat

kulit kayu

Peran atau konteks

Pembentuk liken

Reproduksi

The lichen has an upper thallus surface that is grey, and covered with bright soredia. The lower surface of the thallus is black. The thallus diameter is typically 5.0 – 7.5 cm broad, comprising irregularly branched and laterally overlapping lobes that are 1.0 – 5.5 mm wide with rounded tips. Point-like, conspicuous (i.e., readily visible) pseudocyphellae are abundant on the surface. Also abundant are coarse, granular soredia. The medulla is white. The North American species Punctelia appalachensis is similar in appearance to P. reddenda, with a black thallus undersurface and negative medullary spot test reactions. However, it is distinguishable from P. reddenda because rather than soredia, it has abundant laminal and marginal (growths of the upper cortex or thallus margin, usually with a constricted base, that fall away as propagules).

Sebagian uraian ditampilkan dalam bahasa sumber; terjemahannya belum tersedia atau belum lolos pemeriksaan.

Rujukan: [1]

Catatan identitas dan cakupan

• Nama diterima mengikuti Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11; uraian mempertahankan konsep dan nama sumber aslinya.
• Original geographic, specimen and life-cycle scope retained; source import awaits individual editorial review.
• Impor dan terjemahan otomatis belum diperiksa editorial per profil. Struktur reproduktif yang disebutkan tidak membuktikan seluruh siklus hidup diketahui.
• Pengukuran pada uraian mengikuti spesimen, kultur, dan metode sumber; angka tidak diperluas ke semua populasi.

Melihat dengan konteks

Dokumentasi Punctelia reddenda dari Wikimedia Commons. A photo of the foliose lichen species Punctelia reddenda , in Parque de Monsanto, Lisboa, Portugal Identifikasi mengikuti record berkas sumber.

Jenis

Fotografi

Kredit

Zaca Lepista

Lisensi

CC BY-SA 3.0

Sumber media

Buka entri sumber

Gambar menunjukkan objek menurut identifikasi sumber, bukan verifikasi independen spesimen oleh Fungi. Tidak ada skala baru yang ditambahkan.

Sumber profil

1. [1] Punctelia reddenda — Wikipedia (en)Bagian sumber: Frozen revision 1320189128
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Teks sumber: CC BY-SA4.0 · Wikipedia contributors
2. [2] Catalogue of Life Base2026-09-11 — Punctelia reddendaBagian sumber: ColDP NameUsage.tsv ID 4QHNT; accepted species; source 2073
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
3. [3] Dokumentasi visual — Punctelia reddendaBagian sumber: Individual media record; identification follows the source, not independent determination
   Tanggal penghimpunan sumber: 2026-10-12
   Media sumber: CC BY-SA 3.0 · Zaca Lepista